District - Chandrapur

Introduction

 As a part of the overall preparedness of the state, the Government of Maharashtra has a State Disaster Management Action Plan to support and strengthen the efforts of the district administration. In this context, every district has evolved it's own District Disaster Management Action Plan (DDMAP). It is expected that these multi-hazard response plans would increase the effectiveness of administrative intervention.

Multi-disaster Response Plan

The DDMAP addresses the districts’ response to disaster situations such as earthquakes, floods, cyclones, epidemics,   off-site industrial disasters and roads accidents and fires. Some of these disasters  such as floods and earthquakes affect large areas causing extensive damage to life, property and environment while others such as epidemics only  affect large populations. In any case, the management of these disasters requires extensive resources and manpower for containment by remedial action.

The present  plan is a multi-hazard response plan for the  disasters and outlines the institutional framework required for managing such situations. However, the plan assumes a disaster specific form  in terms of  the actions to be taken by the various agencies involved in the disaster. The front-end or  local level of any disaster response organisation will differ  depending upon the  type of disaster, but at the level of the back-end i.e., at the controlling level at the district  it will almost remain same, for all types of disasters.

Objectives

The objectives of the District Disaster Management Action Plan are :

·         To improve preparedness at the district level, through risk and vulnerability analysis , to disasters and to minimise the impact of disasters in terms of human, physical and material loss.

·         To ascertain the status of existing resources and facilities available with the various agencies involved in the management of disasters  in the district  and make it an exercise in capability building of district administration. This enables the district to face a disaster in a more effective way and builds confidence across different segments of society. It will be a positive factor for long term development of the district.

·         To utilise different aspects of disaster mitigation for development planning as a tool for location and area specific planning for development in the district.

·         To use scientific and technological advances in Remote Sensing, GIS etc. in preparation of this plan with a view to ensure their continuous use for development planning.

·         To develop a framework for proper documentation of future disasters in the district, to have an update on critical information essential to a plan, to critically analyse and appraise responses and to recommend appropriate strategies

·         To evolve DDMAP as an effective managerial tool within the overall policy framework of Government of Maharashtra.

Response to disasters, in the absence of a defined plan,  would be arbitrary leading to overemphasis of some actions and  absence of other actions which could be critical. The objectives of any disaster management plan should be to localise a disaster and to the maximum extent possible contain it so as to minimise the impact on life, the environment and property. A formal plan for managing disasters is therefore necessary. This would include

a.      pre-planning a proper  sequence  of  response actions,

b.      allocation of responsibilities to the participating agencies,

c.      developing codes and standard operating procedures for various departments and relief agencies involved.

d.      inventory of existing facilities and resources

e.      mechanisms for effective management of resources

f.        co-ordination of all relief activities including those of NGOs to ensure a coordinated and effective response.

g.      Co-ordination with the State response machinery for appropriate support

h.      Monitoring and evaluation of actions taken during relief and rehabilitation

"Outline of Vulnerability Assessment" prepared by CSSD/EMC has been used as the basic instrument to collate district level information to meet the database requirements for the preparation of DDMAP.

Policy Statement

The underlying policy of the DDMAP is to protect life, environment and property while ensuring mitigation  of  the disaster to the maximum extent possible, relief to those affected  and restoration of  normalcy at the earliest.

Essentially, communities  draw their support from the social institutions, administrative structure, and values and aspirations they cherish. Disasters may temporarily disorganise the social units and the administrative system and disrupt their lives built around these values and aspirations. A systematic effort to put back the social life on its normal course with necessary technology support and resources will contribute significantly to the resilience of the community and nation. 

This policy forms the basis of the DDMAP strategy. It aims at capacity building and prompt utilization of resources in a disaster situation through a partnership of the GOM, NGOs, Private Initiatives and the community. In pursuance with this policy, DDMAP addresses itself to strengthening the pre-disaster and post-disaster responses of various actors and stakeholders including the “victims” of the disaster.

OVERVIEW OF CHANDRAPUR DISTRICT

Location

·         Chandrapur District is located between 19.30’ N to 20.45’N Latitude and 78.46’E longitude. It is the easternmost district of the state of Maharashtra.

·         Adjoining districts are Bhandara, Nagpur, & Wardha in the North, Gadchiroli is in the East. Yeotmal in the West and Adilabad District of Andhra Pradesh is in the South.

·         Mumbai is the State capital located on the Western coast and Chandrapur district is located in the South East of Maharashtra State. Maharashtra covers part of Western ghats with coastel line, Deccan platue and Satpura ranges.

·         Geographically Maharashtra is located 16.40 N to 22.10 N Latitude and 72.60 E to 80.9 E Longitude.

AREA AND ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS

The State of Maharashtra consists of 31 districts, divided in 6 administrative divisions viz. Kokan, Nashik, Pune, Aurangabad, Amraoti & Nagpur. Chandrapur district is located in Nagpur Division

This district is divided into 4 Sub Divisions, having 12 Talukas as under:

                        SUB DIVISIONS                                  TALUKAS

                        ----------------------                                 --------------

            Chandrapur                                         Chandrapur, Mul, Saoli, Gondpipri

Warora                                                Warora, Bhadravati, Chimur

            Rajura                                                 Rajura, Korpana

            Bramhapuri                                         Bramhapuri, Nagphid, Sindewahi

Geographical area of this district is 10443 Sq. Kms. The population of the sistrict as per 1991  Census is 17,68,945.

There are 7 Municipal towns and 13 major rural centres having 815 village panchayats.

SALIENT FEATURES AND LAND USE PATTERN

Chandrapur district can be divided into two regions on the basis of district physiographic features.

1.      The plain and the fertile region lying in river valleys of the Wardha, the Penganga and

       the Wainganga rivers - The  widely spread  and flat terrain exhibits mostly rolling  

       topography with residual knolls of the hills in the southern portion while in the

       northern portion that is in Brahmapuri tahsil, fairly wide flood and alluvial plains

       covered with fertile loams are observed. The flat terrain of Chandrapur district on the

       whole lies generally between 250 m (MSL) . In the Penganga valley, flat terrain covers

       very little area in the south western portion of the district. The area occupied by the

       Penganga basin in the south-western parts of the district in Rajura and Chandur tahsils

       exhibits mostly hilly topography. The hils are known as Gadchandur and Manikgarh

       hills the altitude in general rises to 500m above MSL.

2.      The upland hilly region - The upland hilly region lies between the Wardha and the Wainganga rivers comprising parts of Warora, Chandrapur and mojor part of Brahmapuri tahsils. It has sandy soil. The mills in Wardha, Brahmapuri and Brahmapuri district are low altitude hills called ‘Chimur-Perjagarh-Mul hills’. The altitude of these hills is on average 300 m. above MSL.

SOIL      

Soil is the most important feature of physiography the formation of which largely depends upon the topography rock types and drainge. The cropping pattern  in the are is  governed by the thickness of soil mantle, its texture and constancy. The soils of Chandrapur district are of various types. Each type covering a well-defined tract which displays cropping pattern of totally different level. The soils occurring in the Wardha and the Wainganga valleys are generally most fertile.

The different types of soils occurring in the district are locally called as Kali, Kamhar, Morand, Khardi, Wardhi, Retari, Bardi and Pandhari which are described as follows:

Kali – This type as mostly confined to the banks of the Wardha and the Wainganga rivers and is derived from Deccan traps. It is fertile and capable and retaining moisture and is best suited for cotton wheat, gram, jowar, and linseed.

Kamhari – This type is less fertile as compared to Kali. It is fertile as compared to kali. It is observed in river valleys as well as in tank beds.

Morand – This type comprises light coloured loam containing mere sand and is suitable for irrigation due its loamy texture. This is most common soil in the district.

Khardi – It is light coloured soil and full of stones and as such it is very poor quality soil.

Wardhi – It is light coloured soil with good amount of sand with sufficient clay to keep it covered mainly by this type of soil in Bramhpuri, Nagbhir and Chimur tahsils.

Retari and Bardi – These soils are of no use if irrigation facilities are not available. The former type that is Retari is mostly sandy and pebbly.

Pandhary – This is an artificial soil’ It is gray in colour and is found around the

village deriving its colour and fertility from the ashes.

LAND USE PATTERN

            Inhabited area                         :           880 Sq. Kms.

            Agricultural area                      :           4810 Sq. Kms.

            Industrial area                         :           32.34 Sq. Kms.

            Forest cover                            :           3750 Sq. Kms.

                                                                        ( 34.33 %)

            Waste Land                            :           230 Sq. Kms.

            Drought Prone area                :           NIL

Geology and Geomorphology

Geologically, Chandrapur districts presents a variety of statigraphic units right from Archaeans to recent alluvium and laterites. The district is gifted with deposits of various minerals like coal, iron.

Geological sequence of formations is as follows :

The Archaeans comprise gneisses, quartzites, banded haematite quartzites, schists with basic intrusives like pyroxenites, anphibolites etc. The rocks are intruded by several dykes, trending NE-SE, are exposed in the eastern part of Chandrapur district. The dykes are highly shared. The Archaean formations occupy 31.21% of the total area.

Vindhyans

The Vindhyans are represented mainly by flaggy and massive limestones,shales and sandstones. The lenticular patches of breccia with angular fragments cemented by calcareous matrix are found at places in limestones. The limestones are dolomitic at places. Sandstones and quartzities are hard copact and forms ridges. The limestones occupy an extensive area in Rajura and Chimur tahsil. The Vindhyans overlie Archaeans basement with well defined unconfirmity. The area occupied by Vindhyans in the district is 23% of total area of district.

The lower Gondwanas are represented by Talchirs, Barakars and Kamthis series. The lower Gondwanas are exposed in Warora, Chandrapur, Ballarpur and Rajura Tahsil. The thickness of lower Gondwanas very laterally.

Talchir Series : The Talchir series consists of boulder beds which are conglomeratic and pebbly in nature at the base. The olive green coloured shales and greenish yellow sandstones are the other rock types. These sandstones are rocks are exposed over a wide area stretching from west up to the boundary of Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh. The Typical Talchir olive greenshales are exposed at village Tadali on Warora- Chandrapur road. In Wirur area, the base of Talchir formation is defined by tillites with predominance of boulders of   sandstones. The tillites are succeeded by cross bedded sandstones and the  Talchir` sequence is much alternated here. The total area covered by Talchir in the district is 750 sq. Kms. i.e. 7 % of the total area.

Barakar Series : The Barakars are represented by white coloured, fine to medium grained sandstone, shales, clays and coal seams. The thickness of Barakars increases towards east and thickness in general ranges between 30-250 m. But the exposures of these rocks are scarcely seen and mostly concealed below the Kamthi sandstones, The area covered by Barakars in the district is 1% of the total area.

Kamthi Series : The Kamthi series comprises sandstones, silstones, variecated clays and shales. They are exposed over a wide area in Chandrapur district. In the eastern part of the district, the maximum thickness of 500 m can be expected. These sandstones are yellowish and white in colour, fine to coarse grained in  and at places ferruginous in nature. These sandstones are found to be siliceous or fossiliferous at some places in the district. The area occupied by these rocks in the district is 19% of the total area.

Upper Gondwanas

The upper Gondwana formation is represented by Maleri series. The rock types are sandstones and shales. The sandstones are fine grained whitish coloured and calcareous un nature. The shales are of red colour and are found in a small patches in the south-eastern part of Chandrapur district. The areal extent of these rocks are very small.

Lametas

Lameta beds comprise silicified sandstones, cherts, marls limestones and clays. The are usually white in colour with reddish shades. The limestones are bluish grey coloured and show nodular structure at places. The marls are white, red or brown in colour. Lameta beds occur in isolated patches in the northern part of the district occuping a very little area. They lie unconformable over the Kamthi series.

Deccan Traps

Deccan traps consist of basaltic lava flews of fissure type eruptions. Each flew usually comprises massive basalt at the base, followed by vesicular basalts. At places amygadaloidal or zeolitic basalt are also observed. The two flows are separated by intertrappean beds. The massive basalts are dark grey coloured and hard and compact in nature and fine to medium grained. The vesicular basalts are dark greenish or grey in colour and contains vesicles of rounded to sub-rounded or irregular shape which are interconnected at places. These flows are mainly of ‘aa’ type. Intertrappean beds are mostly dirty white to greenish coloured clays which is occasionally calcareour in nature. Deccan traps and lametas are found to occupy considerable area of the district in Warora, Bhadravati and Gadchandur tahsils and covers an area of 1122 sq, Km. I.e. 11% of the total area of the district.

Laterites

Laterites are commonly seen as over Deccan traps, Kamthi sandstones and gneisses. It is generally reddish brown in colour. It is hard and thickness of which varies from a few cm. to 8 m.

Alluvium

In the district, Alluvium is mostly river-alluvium and comprises sand, silt and clays. It is generally found along the banks of nalas and rivers. The thickness varies from 8 to 35 m as observed along the Wardha, the Erai and the Wainganga river courses. Italso contains gravel along with sand, silt, clays at places. In Brahmapuri tahsil, patches of alluvium (about 100 sq.km.) are observed on the western bank of the Wainganga river near Brahmapuri. Similar patches of alluvium are also found of Chimur and warora along the Erai and the Andhari nadi and also around Chandrapur along the course of the Wardha reiver. The maximum thickness of alluvium is observed in Brahmapuri area

Laterites and Alluvium together occupy together an area of 820 km. i.e. 8% of the tota area of the distrit.

Soil Mantle

The regur or black cotton soil is derived from Deccan traps commonly known as “Kali”. Red soil is most common in the area covered by gneisses and other crystalline rocks. There is a thin veneer of soil (8 to 15 m) over lying the Gondwana formation in the north-western part of the district.  

Structure and Subsurface Geology

On the baisi of availble subsurface data collected during exploration of coal deposits and coal mining it is found that of all the formations in the district, the Gondwanas are structurally highly distributed on a large scale.

On a regional scale Gondwana formations can be classified as broad anticlinal structure plugging towards NNW. The Sasti, Ballarshah, Lalpeth, Mahakali, Reyatwari and Durgapur coal fields in the district are located in the eastern limb of an anticline while Ghugus, Magri, Telwase and Chinchola coal fields are located in western limb.

Chanda-Wardha Gondwana basin occuring in the district is essentially a broad graben structure. Geographical survey in Chanda-Wardha valley also shows that whole area is associated with a negative Bougar Anomaly ranging from 20 to 72 mgd. Which further confirms the graben configuration. Structurally Wardha valley basin represents by a number of faults resulting in a number of different coal fields around Chardrapur. The structural analysis of the Wardha valley shows that Gondwana formations are aligned in three sub-parallel troughs. The westernmost i.e.  the Pranahita trough contains major coal resources in the area.

In Durgapur area, five major faults trending E-W have been detected with a general downshrow towards south varying from 50 ti 70 m. The entire area between Durgapur and Lalpeth Colliery lies between two major fualts with regional trend of NW-SE The same NW-SE tredning fault system are dominant between Isapur block and Durgapur in the north. This has resulted in the epetition of coal seams.

The other formation like Vindhyan, Lametas, Deccan Traps are not showing any major strucctural disturbances within the formation. The structural features noticed in these rockas are fractures, joints and weathering. The gneisses, Vindhyan sandstones and massive  basalts are weathered, jointed and fractured at a number of places. The degree of weathering  os varying  from moderate to hogh. The thicknesss of weathered zones normally ranges between 3 and 5 m. in gneisses and Deccan trap while it is comparatively less in Vindhyans. The depth of jointed zones also varies from place to place. The unconformity is observed between Vindhyans and Gondwanas and also between Gondwanas and Deccan Traps.

The Archaeans which are exposed in eastern part of the district are separated from other sedimentary formations by N-S trending boundary fault. The geophysical data shows that the boundary fault appears to be normal fault having a throw of about 500 to 700m.

The Archaeans basement and overlying Vindhyans are separated by district incomformity. The Kamthis and Barakars are also separated by angular infomformity and because of these  the amount of dips of the two formations show discordance. The Kamthis are having low dips as compared to Barakars.

The major portion of the Archaeans are subjected to tectonic disturbances resoulting in a number of major and minor lineaments in the area. The acid intrusives such as pegmatites and brecciated qualtzites and basic dikes are also presents in the area.

On the basis of the study of aerial photographs of Chandrapur district, lineaments are fracture planes in the rock formations which are to be confirmed by field checks.

Geomorphology

The total area of the district has been divided into eleven geomorphic units. The Structural Ridges, Structural Hills, Highly and Moderately Dissected Plateau over the Deccan Traps are grouped into geomorphological units of structural origin. The pediments/pediplains and Denudational hills are grouped into geomorphological units of denudational origin, whereas, the younger and older alluvium form the units of fluvial origin.

Climate and Rainfall    

Chandrapur district enjoys a tropical climate with very hot summers and very cold winters. The hot season is from March to May. May is the hottest month of the year with the mean maximum temperature being 44°C and the mean minimum temperature being 29°C. Winter is from November to February with the minimum temperatures varying from 3°C to 8°C.

The district receives it’s rainfall (about 90%) from the south west monsoon from June to September. The avarage annual rainfall is about 1200 mm. The rainfall generally increases as one goes from the west to the east.

Table below  shows rainfall data calculated for the period of ---15-----years.

Social Economic Features

According to the 1991 census, the demographic features observed in Chandrapur district are as follows :

SC percentage                                                :                       16.87

ST percentage                                                :                       19.70

Slum Population percentage              :                       6.26%

Population below poverty line :                       13.36%

Scheduled caste, Scheduled tribe and Slum population taken together in the district is 33%. The population below poverty line is 13%. Thus about 46% population is economically and socially disadvantaged. This lot suffers more due to disaster like floods, earthquake, epidemics etc. It is necessary to shift the families living in blud-zone of floods and low lying areas of urban slums to safer sites.      

Urban and Rural Centres in Chandrapur District

Historical and Religious Centres

Information of historical and religious centres compiled to assess possible influx of large population on specific occasion. This is important information useful to the district administration for management of transport, health service, sanitary services, fire, law & order problems etc.

A talukawise summary of the tourist population visiting the various historical and religrious centres

Seasonal Migration

Agricultural and Crop Pattern in the District

Information regarding main agricultural crops, their cropping period and market area is furnish below :

River Systems and Dams

The entire area of the district falls in the Godavari basin. The area is drained by major tributaries of the Godavari river. The major Tributaries are the Wardha, the Wainganga and the Penganga rivers. The Penganga, flowing along part of the Western boundary, meets the Wardha river near Ghugus to form the Wardha river. It further flowsin NW-SE direction finally merging into the Wainganga river at the south eastern corner of the district. After this confluence the river at the south eastern corner of the district. After this confluence the river along with their sub tributaries rising in the unplands within the district drain whole area of the district. Rising in the unplands within the district drain whole area of the district.

The Wainganga river which flows along the border of Chandrapur and Gadchiroli district is the main river of the district.

The Wardha is the only perennial river in the district having the longest river course as compared to the other two major rivers. The main  tributaries of the Wardha river are the Erai rises in the northern part of Warora tahsil and flows along due south over a length of 80 km. till it meets the Wardha just south of Chandrapur at Wardha village.

The Penganga flowing along western border takes east west course and then joins the wardha river at Ghugus. The area occupied by Gadchiroli tahsil and part of Rajura tahsil is drained by the Penganga and its tributaries.

Thus the main rivers in Chandrapur district are as under :

1.      Wainganga

2.      Wardha

3.      Andheri

4.      Irai

5.      Painganga

6.      Pranhita

Dams

There are 7 complete Medium projects and 29 Minor Irrigation project in this district. There is no completed major project. The details are given below. 

Similarly there is one major project, two medium projects & 12 Minor irrigation projects under construction. Information regarding these projects given below.

Dams Under Construction

Construction of these dams will help reducing the intensity of floods ever eartquake hazard precaution need to be studied for al dams.

Besides above projects there are 5 medium and 3 minor irrigation projects which are proposed for construction in future. Details of these projects are given below.

Proposed Dam for construction in future

Power Stations and Electricity Instalations

There is super thermal power station of 2340 MW capacity. Located at Durgapur about 5 mks.from Chandrapur city.

Industries

1.         No. of Industrial Estate                                    - 8

2.        Type of Industries - Engineering, Mineral Based, Paper Cement & Chemical

3.         Total work force in Industries              - 19752

4.         No. of Chemical Industries                             - 15

5.         No. of Pipelines Carrying Chemicals  - Nil

6.         No. of Potentially hazardous location-

            1.         Chandrapur                 - Chemical LPG fuelling

            2.         Ballarpur                      - Paper Mill, Coal Mines

            3.         Ghugus                       - Cement, Coal Mines

            4.         Bhadrawati                  - Ordance Factory

            5.         Gadchandur                - Cement Factories.

7.         No. of vechicles carrying hazardous raw                   -           400

material for industries per month

8.         No. of vechicles carrying hazardous finished             -           780

products from industries in a month

9.                  No. of vechicles passing through the district carrying-          NIL

Hazards material for industries during month

10.       No. of container terminal                                             -           NIL

Category wise listing of existring large industries in the district.       

Transport and Communication Network

Road Network, Waterways, Airways, Airways and Railways

Proposed Developmets

New Afforestation                          -           566.2 sq. kms.

New area declared as reserved  -           NIL      

forest.

New Industrial Estates Proposed

Large industries proposed to be set up in the district

Town Development Schemes

 RISK ASSESSMENT AND VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS

Economic, Occupational, Social and Educational Profile of the Population

·         Physical feature and land use pattern of the district indicate that agriculture is the main activity in the district. The total agriculture area is 4810 Sq. kms. i.e. 46.05 % of the total area of the district.

·         Out of the total area, sown area is 5,18196 hectors barren and cultivable land 76004 HRS. and culturable waste land is 230 sq.kms.

·         Paddy, Cotton, Jwar and Soybean are the main crops in the district.34.33 % of the toptal area I under forestcover

·         The percentage of urban & rural population is 28.04 % & 71.96 % respecticvely.Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes population accounts for 16.78 % and 19.70 % respectively.

·         The total area under industrial use accounts for 32.34 sq.km. 

·         There are 7 Urban centres and 13 major rural centres. 6.26  % of the population lives in the slums and 13.36 % of the population is below poverty line.

·         Total work-force in 4 existing industrial estates is just 2071 but there are major industrial like coal mines. Thermal power station, Cement Factories, Paper mill etc. which are situated outside the industrial area where work force is about 30,000. There is influx of workers from other states particularly in Coal Mines. Seasonal migration is temporary phenomenan lasting for two-three months. The workers mostly come from Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa and Bihar.

·         There are two historical centres and 16 religious centres where there is influx of tourists in particular season.

·         The overall literacy percent age of the  district is 59.41 %

·         Though the building codes have been preseribed by the P.W.D. for various areas but those are not being strictly implemented. It is necessary to implement the building codes in Flood Prone area, so that, the damage due to flood is minimised. Earthquake prone building norms need to be ingroduce in towns & villages by imparting training to town engineers & architects.  

Land Use Regulation And Zoning      

·         The Development Plan has  been proposed for all the Urban areas and periferial areas. There is Regional Plan prepared for Chandrapur and Ballarpur Towns. In this Development Plan areas have been distributed amongst various zonessuch as residential, commercial & industrial. Some areas have been kept reserved for parks and guardens and

open spaces. The Local authorities are supposed to imploement the Development Plan. However, it is seen that there are Zoning violation particularly in Chandrapur & Ballarpur towns. In rural area, there is no effective machinary for enforcing zoning regulations.

·         The flood prone area has been divided into Blue zone and Red xone. The house existing in Blue zones are required to be shifted since the damage is more in blue zone due to floods. Government will have to provide special funds for this purpose to shift population from blue zone in a phased manner.

·         The Resettlement Plan for the persons living in Blue zone area is required to be prepared and residents from blue zones have to be shifted

·         No special planning for earthquake prone area has been made. Since no such specific area has been indnetified. However with Jabalpur and Latur earthquake in recent post, earthquake prepared measures will have to be taken by the district administration. Detailed vulnerability and mitigation studies need to be undertaken by experts to advice district administration in taking precentionary measures. Government may appoint experts committee in this regard.

Disaster specific proneness

Floods 

The district can be divided in to two basin areas i.e. Wardha river basin and Wainganga river basin. These are the two main rivers.

Apart from Wardha and Waingang rivers, Uma, Andhari, Irai, Penganga rivers also get flooded sometimes damaging crops. They are generally prone to flash floods either due to heavy downpour or back water of bigger rivers.

There is no completed major irrigation project in the district. There are 7 medium and 29 minor irrigation completed projects in the district.One major,  2 medium and 12 minor irrigation projects which all surveyed and work may start soon. There are 5 medium and 3 minor irriguation projects which all surveyed and work may start soon. Completed dams help in mitigation of flash floods in the downstream region.

Water shed management schemes undertaken by agriculture department have contributed a lot in reducing frequency and intensity of floods. As on today 324 villages have been covered under water shed management programmes.

17.10 % population lives in flood prone area. Building code regulation are not observed in flood prone areas.

The houses in blue-zone need to be shifted to avoid recurring loss of lifes properly. If necessary, legislation should be enacted to shift such people by using force and then the entire blue zone area should be usedfor plantation of trees of appropriate species.\

During last 30 years, the district experienced 12 major floods  causing  47 deaths and total loss of Rs. 3700 lacs. Amount spent on relief and rehabilitation works in last ten years Rs. 1083.84 lacs. 

There were major floods in Wainganga river in the year 1962, 1979, 1986, 1991 and two floods in 1994. The worst flood was of 1994. Similarly Wardha river was flooded twelve times in last 30 years while Uma, Irai and Andhari river experienced heavy flood six times in 30 years. In 1994, heavy damages were caused to standing crop along Wainganga river.

In August 1986, heavy floods to Irai, Uma & Andhari river had created havoc. Chandrapur town was cut off from other part of the district & State by road & rail for 3 days. Helicopter of Airforce was used to drop food packets in maroones villages. About five thousand people were shifted to temporary shetters where they were given food by NGOs & cashdoless and gratitous relief by Government.

In case of heavy floods in Wainganga, Collector Balaghat in Madhya Pardesh and Collector Bhandara issue advance warning. Central Water Commission officers from Balaghat and Bhandara also send timely warning of heavy floods.

Flood control plan of each flood prone village is prepared and discussed with village level functioner and prominent villagers before mansoon to creat awareness. Crop insurance scheme needs to be introduced.

Case study on major diaster episode of 1994 flood in the district is given in the Annexure.

Based on the occurance of past floods, the main Flood Prone Areas have been identified as under :

List of Flood Prone Villages

Earthquakes

Except for minor seismic activity, no earthquake had occurred in Chandrapur district. The Deccan Plateau was considered to be seismically stable zone. Chandrapur district falls in seismic zone II of the ISI classification and was supposed to be least prone to seismic activity till April 2^nd of 1997 when an earthquake occurred with epicentre in Chandrapur district. In view of this, there is need for rezoining and considering parts of Deccan Plateau with active faults as prone to geoseismic hazards.

Detailed study for earthquake hazard for the district has become necessary due to the incident of 2^nd April 1997. Government may constitute Technical committee for detailed study and suggest measures to be undertaken by Distt. Administration.

Industrial and Chemical Accidents

Some of the mojor industries in the district are dealing with petro-chemical products and Chlorine which are considered to be vulnerable to both fires and chemical accidents.

·                     The following units have been identified as hazardous industries:

8.72 % o the population live in the proximity of major chemical plants.

During last 10 years, there have been 5673 chemical or industrial accidents resulting in 47 deaths. Expenditure incurred on relief and compensation these episodes is Rs. 35.25 lacs.

Fire

During last 15 years, there have been instances of 1580 fires in this District.

1.                  Fire to collon in APMC yard or Ginning factory

2.                  Fire in forest areas

3.                  Fire to residential house and cattle sheds in rural area.

4.                  Fire to crops harvested and stored in a field

5.                  Fire due to stove burst.

It is necessary to compel APMC and ginning factory to have their own fire fighting equipments with trained personnel.

As regards fire in forest areas, Government of Maharashtra, Department of Forest has made adequate arrangement by providing sophisticted equipments, machinery and trained staff. There is a separate division to this wing of the department.

As regards domestic fires in rural areas, thatched roofs should be replaced by Manglore tile roofs to minimise instances of fire to such houses.

All L.P.G. agencies should rigidly follow safey norms to avoid accidents by gas-cylinder blast. Godowns to store gas-cylinders should be properly built and located away from residential area

Road Accidents

During last 14 years, there have been 1517 road accidents, taking toll of 1736 human and causing loss of property to the tune of 24.8 lac.

There are 157 villages & 7 towns along the major road, which are accident prone.

Epidemic

In last 15 years epidemic occurred nine times at 208 places resuting in 281 deaths. Expenditure incurred on this is Rs. 17.70 lacs.

Most of the incidences are due to contaminated water and polluted sources of drinking water.

Disaster Probability

According to the District Administration, the probability of disaster occurrence and the possible intensity of disasters, based  on the earlier history is given below.

Specifice Vulnerability of System and Service to Disaster Events

Ranking and Probability of Disaster Episodes in the District

ANNEXURE I Information on Industrial Estates      

I  Co Operative Industrial Estate, Chandrapur

III - Industrial Estate, Ghugus

IV - Industrial Estate, Rajura

Fact Sheet 1

1.         Factory Identify                     :Ballarpur Industries Ltd. , Ballarpur

            Unit Address                           :Ballarpur Paper Mills - P.O. 442 901

2.                  Contract Personnel from the Factory :

1.                  Mr. D. Sen Gupta, Manager-Chem, Complex

2.                  Mr. S.S. Pal, Chief Engineer.

3.                  Mr. G.K. Sinha, Factory Manager

3.         Principal Activity :

Manufacturing of Paper, Caustic Soda, Chlorine and Hydrochoric Acid with storage, loading and unloading faciltities.

4.         Table Showing Maxium Inventoryof Hazardous Chemicals in MT.                              

5. Consequence of major Hazards from Storage :

I .Chlorine :    Leakage from storge tanks or cylinder tonners cause spreading of toxic gas in the factory and in the adjloining areas outside factory.

 II. Sulphurice Acid : In the event of the collapse or leakage of the storage tanks, this can emit highly toxic fumes in the contact with moisture or water, affecting the workers and people in the surrounding areas. Liquid contact can cause during injury to people.

III. Caustic Soda : In the event of the collaps or leakage of the storage tanks, this cancause during injury to the surrounding with direct contact of the liquid.

IV. Hydrolic Acid : In the event of the collaps or leakage of the storage tanks, this emits highly irritating and corrosive fumes, affecting the wakers and people in surroundings areas.

6.                  Consequence of Major Hazards from Processing:

I.                     In the processing stage, chlorine gas may escape through pipes and equipements or absorption system in the event of failure of the same. In the chlorination stage in pulp mills, chlorine gas can escape due to failure of pipe and flang bints or velves and fittings or from the pulp system due to excess chlorination or failure of pump.

II.                   Sulphuric Acid which is used for drying wet chlorine gas, can came out of the system due to failure of pipes, fittings and valves etc.

III          Caustic Soda can come out of the system due to failure of pipes, fitting and valves etc.

IV         Synthesis of Hydrochloric Acid is an exothermic reaction, can cause explosion and fire due to explosive mixture formation of C12 and H2 gases passing out unreacted from the furnace.

7.                  Physical Ranges of Consequense (Propagation):

Storage                                                                      Manufacturing

( Hazards as per S.No.5)                                            (Hazards as per S.No.6)

I.                     Leakages from chlorine Tonners of storage

Tanks is limited to factory area.

-                      Bursting of one chlorine tunner at 350 c can

Spread of 200 mtrs. With 35 ppm. C12 in 4

Minutes with 4.44 M/Sec. Wine velocity.

-                      Due to rupture of one chlorine storage tank of 50

Ts cap. At 30 C can spread chlorine to 3 km. in a

Span of 800 mtrs. With 35 ppm. C12 in a 18 mtrs.

With 4.44  M/sec. Wind velocity.

II           Limited to factory                                                        II. Limited to plant Section

III          Limited to plant                                                            III. Limited to plant Section

                                                                                                IV  Limited to factory

8.                  Emergency actions within 5 (five) minutes of occurrence:

Persons responsible

A.         Notify Police                                                    Production Manager/Dy.Manager

            (Emergency Phone) 40682 (O)

                                             40684 ®

B.                 Notify Fire Brigade

(Emergency Phone) 40542                            --do--

C.        Notify Ambulance Service                               --do--

            (Emergency Phone) 40200               

D         Notify Evacuation Squad

(Emgerency Phone) 40221                            --do--

E.                 Broadcast to Community

(Emgerency Phone) 40262                            A.M. (Security)

                                             40282

9.                  Emergency actions within 15 (fifteen) minutes of occurance :

I.                     Start plugging chlorine leakage by using emergency safey kit and self contained compressed air breathing apparatus.

II           Stop the affected plans and other plants

III          Stop Electric supply in case of fire

IV         Escape out workers and other people except those trained for emergency operations.

V          Fight fire with existing facilities. Remove flammable and combustible materials from adjoining fire affected areas.

VI         In case of fire near Chlorine Cylinders, start removing filled chlorine cylinders to safe place away from fire affected area opposite to wine direction.

10.              Emergency Facilities/Action required :

Fire Fighting Facilities :

1.                  Suffiiient No. of fire engines with water.

2.                  Water Gog Nozzeles.

3.                  DCP & CO2 Extinguishers.

4.                  Self Breathing Apparatus

5.                  Toxic Gases Mask

6.                  Fire Proof Suits.

Action Required :

1.                  Fighting fire

2.                  Prevent spriding of fire to hazards chemicals storage areas

3.                  Prevent spreading of fire to nearby flammable & combustible materials.

4.                  Reduce effect of toxic fules if any in the area by suitable methods.

5.                  Rescue the workers trapped in work areas.

Police :

1.                  Evacuation of workers and people in the nearby areas to safer place.

2.                  Cordoning off the areas to prevent entry of people to the affected protion

3.                  Protection of property and to keep constant vigilance to keep the affected plant and machinery undisturbed till enquires.

Medicals Services :

Antidotes for Chlorine. HCL & H2So4 fumes etc. medical ixygen cylinders, medicines for fire burns and acid/alkali burns, courgh syrups for chlorine affected persons, boric acid solution for eye wash etc.

Action Required :

First-Aid and treatment of affected persons.

Response Time :

Immediate response of all the service for all hazards is necessary.

Other Information

1.      During fire fighting and other emergency operations, ensure that water does not come in contact with Sulphuric acid, neutralise acids by Na2 Co2 (Soda ash) and them mop up with plenty of water.

2.      Do not use water to fight electric fire.

3.      Do not put water on chlorine leaking spot.

4.      In case, the chlorine leakage from tonners can not be plugged, pass chlorine in Caustic Soda solution.

5.      In case of chlorine and HCL acid leakage as persons to move opposite side ir at right angle to wind direction and use a pad of wet cloth against nose if suffisient gas masks are not available for all.

6.      Keep emergency Safety kit and spares ready for use.

List of safety aplliances for chlorine leakage handling :

Fact Sheet 2

Action Required :

1.                  Reduce effect o ftoxic fumes in the areas by suitable methods.

2.                  Rescue of works trapped in work rooms.

Police :

1.                  Exacuation of workers and people in the nearly areas to safer place.

2.                  Cardoning off the areas to prevent entry of people to the affected portions.

3.                  Protection of property and to kept constant vigilance to keep the affected plant and machinery undisurbed till enquires.

Medical Services :

1.                  Antidotes for chlorine

Medicines for fire burns.

Action Required :

1.                  Firs-Aid and treatment of affected persons.

Response Time

Immidiate response of all the services for all hazards is necessary.

Other  Information :

1.                  In case the chlorine leakage can not be plugged pass chlorine in Caustic Soda Solution or Lime Solution.

Fact Sheet 3

Fact Sheet  4

1.         Factory Identity                     :           Solano Chemical Pvt. Ltd.,

                                                                        E-56 MIDC, Chandrapur

2.         Contact Personnel From     :           1. Mr. LS.Mahajan,

                                                                        Managing Director

                                                                        2. Dr. D.L. Bhure

3.         Principal Activity                   :           Manufacturing of Bleaching Powder

4. Table showing maximum inventory of hazardous chemicals in cylinder

5. Consequences of major hazard from storage :

Chlorine – Leakage from storage tanks or cylinder tonners cause spreading of toxic gas in the factory and in the adjoining areas outside factory.

6.         Consequences from major hazards from processing :

In the processing stage chlorine gas may escape through pipes flange joints or valves and fitting and equipments or absorption system in the event of failure of the same.

7.      Physical Range of Consequences ( propagation) :

Storage                                                          Manufacturing

            ( hazards as per S.NO.5)                                  ( hazards as per S.NO. 6)

Leakage from Chlorine                                                      Limited to Factory

together confined upto 1km.

8.      Emergency Action Within 5 (five) minutes of Occurance :

a)      Notify Police (2201 Phone) Director/Supervisor Shri Bhure D.L.

b)      Notify Fire Brigade (3263 Phone) Director/Supervisor

c)      Notify Amb. Service (2213 Phone)

9.      Emergency Action Within 15 Minutes of occurance :

1.                  Start plugging chlorine leakage by using emergency safety kit.

2.                  Stop the machine

3.                  Stop electric supply in case of fire.

10.  Emergency Facilities : Action required by incident controller on site :

1.                  Water fog nozzles

2.                  Toxic gases masks

Emergency facilities fire fighting/action required :

1.                  fire fighting

2.                  Prevent spreading of fire of hazardous chemicals storage.

3.                  Reduce effect of toxic fumes if any in the areas by suitable meytods.

4.                  Remove the workers trapped in work area.

Medical Services :

Antidotes for chlorine, medical oxygen chlinders, Medicine for fire furns, cough syrups for chlorine affected persons etc.

Actions Required :

Firs-Aid and  treatment of affected persons.

11.  Response time :

Immidiate response of all the servises for all hazards is necessary.

12.  Other information :

1.                  Do not use water to fight electric fire.

2.                  Do not put water on chlorine leaking spot.

3.                  In case not chlorine leakage as persons to move opposite side or at right angle to wine direction and use a pad of wet cloth against nose if sufficient gas masks are not available for all.

13.  Personal Protective Equipment  available

emergency kit-1.

Self contained breathing apparatus – 1

Fact Sheet 5

Annexure – III Disaster Episodes in the District

Type of  Episode – Flood ( July & September 1994 )

Location – Bramhapuri Tq., Sindewahi Tq. Nagbhid Tq., Warora, Bhadrawati

Date – July & September 1994

Reasons assigned for the event – Heavy flood to wardha river in July 1994 and Wainganga river in September 94

Warning system used – Wireless

Community response to warning system – good & Positive

Administrative response to warning system – God

Assessment of administrative preparedness. – Administration was well prepared

Extent of damages

No.  of lives lost :         18

Financial Assistance given to next of kin : Rs. 2.50 lacs

Loss of cattles :          190

Loss in Rupees :         4.02 lacs

Crop damage : Damage to the crops and land was assessed by field to field survey jointly undertaken by the Talaths, Gramsevaks and agricultural assistants. Financial assistance given to the farmers at the rate of Rs. 1000 Per hector upto 2 hectors for resowing:

 Land Damages :

a)      Land damages : 5217.26 hectors

b)      Loss in Rupees : 60.11 lacs.

c)      Seed distributed : 3802  quintals

d)      Value of seed distributed : 41.37 lacs

Damage to houses :

Gratituous relief

Damage to infrastructure

Department wise break-up of the expenditure incurred on relief and rehabilitation (immediate as well as long-term)

Organisation Structure :

            Following departments are involved to manage the emergency :

1.      Revenue Department

2.      Forest Department

3.      Public Works Department

4.      Police Department

5.      Food & Civil Supplies Department

6.      Health Department

1.      Revenue Department : Revenue Department manage to evacuate the sufferers to safer sites during the emergency and gave them cash doles and gratituous relief. This department also did the work of assessment of loss and damages, and resettlement of the affected population.

2.      Forest Department : This department arranged for supply of bamboo and ballies for temporary structures to be constructed for flood victims.

3.      Public Works Department : This department arranged restoration of road communication and construct temporary structures. They also take care of permanent resettlement of the victims by constructing houses.

4.      Police department : Police Department helped Revenue Department and others to carry our releif work withour any hindrance during disaster period and also safeguard the properties of flood victims.

5.      Flood Civil Supplies Department : Arrengement of foodgrains to be supplied to the flood and victims and other essential commodities was made by this department.

6.      Health Department : In order to avoid outbreak of epedmics in the disaster affected area, this department took preventive measures for maintaining sanitary conditions and also aranged for medicines required for flood victims as a preventive measures.

Support from State and Central Authorities :

a)      From State Govt. :

i)                    Funds were obtainer from State Govt. for relief and rehabilitation work

ii)                   Cultivators were given financial assistance for resowing of crops in Rabbi season and to purchase livestock lost in floods.

b)      From Central Government :

i)                    Central water commission officers rendered very usefull service during flood by giving advance warning of flood accurality.

ii)                   Central assistance was obtained to supplement the aid given from State Government.

iii)                 Telecommunication department also helped in restorng distrupted telecommunication

Mobilising Resources :

There was very good response from local non-Government organisation to carry out the relief work for flood victims. The Collector made appeal to NGOs to come forward for relief work and these was very posotive response. Following NGOs. Worked for relief work:

1)      Jalaram Mandal Chandrapur

2)      Rotary Club of Chandrapur

3)      Rajasthani Mandal Chandrapur

4)      Lions Club Chandrapur

Bottlenecks in Maintaining the Situation :

i)                    There is no legislation to compel the people affected by flood to shift with their belongings to the safer sites. Sometime people are reluctant to shift in-spite of constant threat from floods and administration becomes helpless. Thiscauses avoidable damage and loss to the human life and property. It is, therefore, necessary to have a legislation to compel people to shift in such a situation.

ii)                   Mechanised boats were not reaily available for rescue operations. Had there been a few boats at the disposal of Collecor in the district, those could have been used without any delay in rescue operations. A few boats be made the available to Collector for thispurpose.

iii)                 Telecommunication  was totally disrupted and hence wireles is the only means of communication. There is no wirelesss net work between  Collectorate and offices. It is necessary to have wireless net work between Collectorate and Thasil offices to effectively manage the situation when telecommunication net work fails.

iv)                 There was abnormal delay in availing the services of helicopter for air-droping of food packets. Some system may be evolved so that District Magistrate  can directly request the concerned Air-force authorities requisitioning the servics of  helicopters in emergency. On such requisition Air force authorities should make the helicopter available withour any delay.

Lessions Learnt and Suggestions:

1.         Warning system has to be deviced in su ch a way that flood warning can be communicated to the vulnarable population well in advance.

2.         Local Revenue and Police officers should be armed with power to forcibly shift the people living in flood prone areas whenever necessary.

3.         Flood zone should be distincly marked in all the flood prone villages and no new construction should be allowd in that area by law to avoid losses of property.

4.         The villages which are affected by flood very frequently should be shifted to safer sites forcibly to avoid recurring losses and Govt. financial assistance.

5.         Agriculturists are normally paid financial assistance upto Rs. 1000/- per hector limited to two hectors in kind. It is suggested that instead of giving such relief, crop insurance should be provided to all the crops so that whatever damages are caused to crops are made good. Financial assistance for sowing crops in next season should also be given by the Government. It is also suggested that suitable crop pattern should be found out for the areas which are frequently affected by the floods so that crops can sustain the crops can be minimised. Agriculture department may come out with detailed guidelines for flood prone areas.

6.         In under to establishe a machinary for forward planning to ensure efficient , prompt and effective management and control of natural disasters, it is necessary to enact Disaster Management Act, giving sufficient authority to Government agencies envolved in management of disasters.

7.         It is necessary to provide traning to all those who matter in disaster management and mitigation training can be of following types : Disaster Management training, Upgradation of skills, Cordnation training, Specialiesd training.

8.  Man made calamities

Whenever huge lands are acquired for big projects such as Western Coal fields ltd. , Nippon Denro, Thermal Project, Private Coal Mines, Small Rivers & Nallas are divertade haphazardly unscientifically which many a times result in founding of such area which was not flood prone and therefore more lossess are coused. It should be made compulsory for acquiring bodies to get the disigns of Nalla/River diversion approved by the irrigation department and submit certificate to land acquisition officer in this regard before publication of section 6 notification. In this district huge lossess where caused by improper diversion of Nallah’s by Western Coal fields Ltd. Authority.

CAPABILITY ANALYSIS

Inventory and Evaluation of Resources

Inventory and evaluation of resources is necessary for assessing the capacity of the district to respond effectively to different types of disaster, and more spedifically to the disasters that the district  is specially vlunerable to. In case of Chandrapur district, the capability is judged primarily in terms of its ability to respond to an earthquake and flood. During disaster, both Governmental and non-governmental ( including private) resources are planned to be mobilised. The list of resources available with the government and other agencies is given  in the following sections.These will be updated from time to time.

Communication and Mass Media

Monitoring Instruments

For Monitoring, prediting and warning system for specific disasters, the following technology is available :

Mass Media

List of Newspapers in Chandrapur district

There is a T.V. Relay Transmitter and a Radio Station at Chandrapur    

Administrative Preparedness

Existing Emergency Action Plans

Taking into consideration the spefific vulnerability of the district to flood and industrial accidents, the district has already prepared-

·                     Disaster Management Plan for flood control for  Chandrapur District.

·                     DDMAP for hazardous industries

·                     Every hazardous industry has also prepared their own Disaster Management Plan.

There is no multi response plan to all types of hazards prepared for Chandrapur District. There is no mutual aid and response group ( MARG) in the district.

Control Room at the district

Presently a Control Room has been eastablished at the District HQr. In collector’s office to respond to disaster related emergencies. The R.D.C. and Dy. Collector ( Lands) Chandrapur are the officer-in-charge of the District Control Room. They are responsible for the Flood warning, evacuation warnings, relief measures & coordination with Government agencies and N.G.Os Control Rooms will also function in all taluka offices with Naib Tahsildar HQ. As incharge

Community Education and Preparedness Programme

Since the main anticipated disaster is due to flood, a Flood Control Programme is prepared every year before onset of monsoon after discussion with the Members of District Flood Control Committee. Programme for the community educaton and preparedness to overcome any disaster is given wide publicity in the district in general and vulnerable areas in particular.

Measures taken for protection of life/crop/property

The landless labourers from rural areas are given  Life Insurance cover by the Government of sum of Rs. 10000/- against accidental death. If the death occurs due to natual calamity, the State Government grants ex-gratia payment of Rs. 25,000/- to the next of kin of deaceased person. In deserving cases, Govt. of India also pays ex-gratia payment of Rs. 25,000/- per victim to the next of kin.

As present, Crop Insurance Scheme is ot in force for Damages against lossess by Natural calamities. However, by any major calamities. However, by any major calamities, the small holders who suffer crop damage of more than 50% are given loans and subsidies by Agricultural Department. Soil conservation measures are also taken under EGS at Governmental cost in cases where agricultural land is damaged and top soil is washed away.  

Disaster Specific Capability Analysis

Taking into consideration the spefific vulnerability of the district to flood and industrial accidents, the district has already prepared-

·                     Disaster Management Plan for flood control for  Chandrapjr District.

·                     DDMAP for hazardous industries

·                     Every hazardous industry has also prepared their own Disaster Management Plan.

There is no multi response plan to all types of hazards prepared for Chandrapur District.

There is no mutual aid and response group ( MARG) in the district.

Chandrapur District being prone to floods, road acidents and epidemic, certain special equipments will be required to manage these disaster. Particularly in floods, special type of machinaries and equipments are required for removing of debrics, carcases of dead animals, clearance of new resettlement site.

 Preparednes Measures Undertaken by Various  Departments

In addition to the administrative preparedness measures, the  district control room will receive reports on preparedness from the relevant  district level departments  and other departments,  as per the details given below. This will enable the District Collector to analyse the capabilities and preparedness measures of various departments and report on the same to the Emergency Operations Centre, Relief Commissioner and Divisional Commissioner.

Reported  By :

Designation

Signature

Date

Reported  By :

Designation                             Signature                                 Date

Reported  By :

Designation

Signature

Date

Reported  By :

Designation

Signature

Reported  By :

Designation

Signature

Date

Reported  By :

Designation

Signature

Date

Reported  By :

Designation

Signature

Date

Reported  By :

Designation

Signature

Date

Reported  By :

Designation

Signature

Date

Public and Private Resources Inventory

Resources inventory indicating man power, transport,infrastructure and equipments with private and public institutions indicates the reponse capasity of the district. The details of resources availoable with public and private agencies are given in the tables below.

Infrastructure available

Considering the public private resources, the capability of the district and the resources available is summarised below

Technology support

*Satellite Communication link with Mantralaya via NIC available

*Police Wireless communication accessible

*Telephones available in all taluka headquarters

*Fax Machines available in all taluka headquarters

Special equipment available at the District level

In this district following machinaries and equipments are available with government departments or Private Contractors.

Adequacy of Existing Inventory for Disaster Management

In order to equip the district for managing disaster effectively, it is necessary to assess adequacy of present resources.

·                     There are 11 rainfall monitoring centres and 4 flood control monitoring centres. Rainfall monitoring centres are managed by the Tahsildar while flood monitoring centres are managed by Central Water Commission officers. Wireless and Telecommunication facilities are available at monitoring stations for giving warnings.

·                     There are 26 NGOs working in the district. The NGOs support appears to be inadequate during disaster inview of their limited sources and capabilities.

·                     There are only 4 towns having Firebrigades which are insuffieient to meet the emergencies.. It is necessary to have firebrigades at al 12 taluka headquarters and major urban centres. Morever, it is also necessary to modernise fire station by upgrading their skills and providing them latest equipments.

·                     Though Control Room exists at Chandrapur, it needs complete modernisation. It is necessary to have wireless net work connected with all taluka headquarters and Flood monitoring stations.

·                     There are only 5 mechanized baots in the district which are inadequate to meet the exigencies.

·                     In order to equip the district with all necessary equipments, the equipments,the requirements of the district has been worked out and mentioned in mitigation section.

·                     A list of additional equipments required with its approximate cost is given below:

MITIGATION STRATEGY

Requirements of Chandrapur district for responding to future disaster events

Warning system and Dissemination Methods:

Wireless net work between taluka and district headquarters, flood monitoring senters to taluka and district headquarters.

Temporary wireless sets should be provided during monsoon in highly flood prone areas.

Railway authorities and officers of central Water Commission having facilities of monitoring flood levels in rivers should be equipped  with wireless facilities to give advance warning to the District Collectors of the district in the down stream.

Collector of Balaghat in M.P. can give advance warning of floods in Wainganga river to collector, Chandrapur, which will give at least 18 hours time to Collector, Chandrapur for evacuation measures.

Similarly, Collector, Baitul (M.P.) can give advance warning in Wardha River to Collector  Wardha & Chandrapur

The officers of Irrigation department looking after Major, Medium & Minor Dams should inform Tahsildars and villages concerned before releasing the surplus water from dams during rainy season.

Evacuation and Rescue

The rescue authorities i.e. Fire Brigades, Police Stations, Municipal Councils,

Gram Panchayats should have adequate quantity of the following :

Fire Fighting Equipments

Water Storage

Sprinklers

Ladders

Safety Masks

Ropes

Life Boats/tubes

Mechanised Boats

Manual Boats

Mobile Medical Vans

Sniffer dogs

Trucks

Trailers

Tippers

Mitigation Measures

Structural Measures

Widening of the State highway, MDR & Bridges.

Removal of blind curves

New firebrigades for 2 Municipal towns i.e. Bhadrawati & Warora

Establishment of Trauma centres on highways

Establishment of Mobile Health Laboratory

Non-Structural Measures

Blue and red zone to be demarcated for all major rivers i.e. Kanhan, Kolar, Am and Vena areas very frequently affected by floods-every five years-Blue zone and 30 years affected-Red zone.

High flood levels to be marked on pucca structures buildings  in low lying areas of flood affected villages/Road and Railways bridges

The town Planning Department needs to be strengthened to assist rural local bodies i.e. Gram Panchayats for effective implementation of building and zoning regulations to avoid recurring lossess of household in low lying flood prone area adjecent to rivers and nalas.

More elaborate planningo n watershed management schemes by Irrigation and Agriculture Departments is necessary in order to ensure that such schemes are directed specifically to control of floods as well.

Providing Highway with Danger signs

Implementation of earthquake building code in Rural Areas also. Special Earthquake prone zone planning needs to be studied by the Town Planning Department for the district. Building regulations in earthquake prone areas may be pprescribed and training needs to be imparted to Municipal and Gram Panchayat staff in this type of planning.

 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS AT THE DISTRICT LEVEL

Disaster management would involve many layers of participating organization. The three focal levels would be State, District and  the site of the disaster. The State level agencies would be involved in policy decisions, resource allocation, prioritisation of activities and budget allocation and monitoring through  the Emergency Operations Centre.

The District Disaster Management Committee   (DDMC) is an apex  planning body and  will play a major role in  preparedness and  mitigation.

The district level response will be coordinated under the guidance of District Collector who will act as District Disaster Manager.

The Collector shall be responsible for

v      preparation of the DDMAP  with the assistance of the DDMC.

v      setting up District Control Room

v      encouraging  formation of Mutual Aid and Response Groups (MARG)

v      Under the DDMAP, district level  agencies would be responsible for directing field interventions through various agencies right from the stage of warning to relief and rehabilitation.

v      At the disaster site,  specific tasks to manage the disaster will be performed.

v      Collector will be an integral part of the DCR.

v      Collector will be assisted by SOC.

·         SOC will be headed by a Site Manager.

·         Site Manager will coordinate the activities at various camp sites and affected areas.

·         The Site Operations Centre will report to the District Control Room.

v      Collector will coordinate all the field responses. Field Responses include setting up Transit Camps,  Relief Camps and Cattle Camps.

The desk arrangements provides for division of tasks, information gathering and record keeping and accountability of the desk officer to the DDM for specific functions. Each desk should have a Desk Officer assigned. The capacity of various desks to coordinate amongst themselves and with the units to be coordinated will ultimately decide the quality of response. Such a function of coordination would largely depend on the capacity to effectively keep a track on communications received and the decisions taken. Pro forma for “In and Out Messages and Register” are given in  Annexure I.

Figure I

Coordination structure at district level

A Disaster Management Committee exists to assist the Collector in

v      reviewing the threat of disasters

v      vulnerability of the district to such disasters

v      evaluating  the preparedness and

v      considering suggestions for improvement of the response document DDMAP.

The Committee meets once a year under the chairmanship of the Collector and consists of the following functionaries

The District Control Room, under the control of the district collector, will be the nerve centre

v      to monitor

v      co-ordinate and

v      implement the actions for disaster management. 

In a disaster situation the District Collector is the central authority  exercising   emergency powers to issue directives to all departments to provide emergency response service.

The normal time activity of the Disaster Manager is to

v      ensure that all warning and communication systems, instruments are in working condition.

v      receive information on  a routine basis from the district departments on the vulnerability of the various talukas and villages to disasters

v      the Disaster Manager will receive reports on preparedness from the relevant  district level departments  and other departments,  as per information details. These will be forwarded to the Emergency Operations Centre, Relief Commissioner and Divisional Commissioner.

v      Upgrade and update DDMAP according to changing scenarios in the district

v      Update data bank and maintain an inventory of resources as per  Table 1.

v      Inform Emergency Operations Centre (EOC) and  YASHADA of any changes including updating of data bank and annexures

v      Monitor preparedness measures, training activities  including simulation exercises undertaken by various departments

v      Ensure proper dissemination of DDMAP at the district level, local level and disaster prone areas

v      Encourage formation of MARG in industrial areas.

v      Organise post-disaster evaluation and update DDMAP accordingly

v      Prepare reports and documents on district level disaster events and submit the same to EOC.  The document should include

Ø           source and cause of the disaster,

Ø           description of the response effort,

Ø           recommendations for preventive and mitigation measures,

Ø           plans for upgrading emergency preparedness and response plans.

Table I

Inventory of resources, materials and equipment accessible to DCR

(to be updated by District Control Room every six months and sent to Emergency Operations Centre)