As a part of the overall preparedness of the state, the Government of Maharashtra has a State Disaster Management Action Plan to support and strengthen the efforts of the district administration. In this context, every district has evolved it's own District Disaster Management Action Plan (DDMAP). It is expected that these multi-hazard response plans would increase the effectiveness of administrative intervention.

Multi-disaster Response Plan

The DDMAP addresses the districts’ response to disaster situations such as earthquakes, floods, cyclones, epidemics, off-site industrial disasters and roads accidents and fires. Some of these disasters such as floods and earthquakes affect large areas causing extensive damage to life, property and environment while others such as epidemics only affect large populations. In any case, the management of these disasters requires extensive resources and manpower for containment by remedial action.

The present plan is a multi-hazard response plan for the disasters and outlines the institutional framework required for managing such situations. However, the plan assumes a disaster specific form in terms of the actions to be taken by the various agencies involved in the disaster. The front-end or local level of any disaster response organisation will differ depending upon the type of disaster, but at the level of the back-end i.e., at the controlling level at the district it will almost remain same, for all types of disasters.

Objectives

The objectives of the District Disaster Management Action Plan are :

· To improve preparedness at the district level, through risk and vulnerability analysis , to disasters and to minimise the impact of disasters in terms of human, physical and material loss.

· To ascertain the status of existing resources and facilities available with the various agencies involved in the management of disasters in the district and make it an exercise in capability building of district administration. This enables the district to face a disaster in a more effective way and builds confidence across different segments of society. It will be a positive factor for long term development of the district.

· To utilise different aspects of disaster mitigation for development planning as a tool for location and area specific planning for development in the district.

· To use scientific and technological advances in Remote Sensing, GIS etc. in preparation of this plan with a view to ensure their continuous use for development planning.

· To develop a framework for proper documentation of future disasters in the district, to have an update on critical information essential to a plan, to critically analyse and appraise responses and to recommend appropriate strategies

· To evolve DDMAP as an effective managerial tool within the overall policy framework of Government of Maharashtra.

Response to disasters, in the absence of a defined plan, would be arbitrary leading to overemphasis of some actions and absence of other actions which could be critical. The objectives of any disaster management plan should be to localise a disaster and to the maximum extent possible contain it so as to minimise the impact on life, the environment and property. A formal plan for managing disasters is therefore necessary. This would include

a. pre-planning a proper sequence of response actions,

b. allocation of responsibilities to the participating agencies,

c. developing codes and standard operating procedures for various departments and relief agencies involved.

d. inventory of existing facilities and resources

e. mechanisms for effective management of resources

f. co-ordination of all relief activities including those of NGOs to ensure a coordinated and effective response.

g. Co-ordination with the State response machinery for appropriate support

h. Monitoring and evaluation of actions taken during relief and rehabilitation

"Outline of Vulnerability Assessment" prepared by CSSD/EMC has been used as the basic instrument to collate district level information to meet the database requirements for the preparation of DDMAP.

Policy Statement

The underlying policy of the DDMAP is to protect life, environment and property while ensuring mitigation of the disaster to the maximum extent possible, relief to those affected and restoration of normalcy at the earliest.

Essentially, communities draw their support from the social institutions, administrative structure, and values and aspirations they cherish. Disasters may temporarily disorganise the social units and the administrative system and disrupt their lives built around these values and aspirations. A systematic effort to put back the social life on its normal course with necessary technology support and resources will contribute significantly to the resilience of the community and nation.

This policy forms the basis of the DDMAP strategy. It aims at capacity building and prompt utilization of resources in a disaster situation through a partnership of the GOM, NGOs, Private Initiatives and the community. In pursuance with this policy, DDMAP addresses itself to strengthening the pre-disaster and post-disaster responses of various actors and stakeholders including the “victims” of the disaster.

OVERVIEW OF PARBHANI DISTRICT

Location

Parbhani, earlier also known as “ Prabhavatinagar “, is one of the seven districts in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra state.

This entire Marathwada region, a distinct geographical region, was a part of the erstwhile Nizam State; later a part of Hyderabad State ; after reorganisation of states in 1956 it became part of the then Bombay state; and from 1960 onwards it is part of the present Maharashtra state.

Parbhani district lies between 18.45° and 20.01° North Latitudes and 76.13° and 77.09° East Longitude.

The district is bounded on the north by Buldhana and Akola districts, on the east by Yeotmal and Nanded districts, on the south by Latur district and on the west by Beed and Jalna districts.

The state capital of Mumbai is km to the west ; Parbhani is well connected by road to other major towns in Maharashtra and also in the neighbouring state of Andhra Pradesh.

Parbhani is an important railway junction on the Mumbai-Parbhani-Kachiguda and Parli -Parbhani-Bangalore lines. Efforts are on to start a broad gauge Parbhani-Manmad-Mumbai line. This will facilitate easy transport to and from Mumbai.

Area and Administrative Divisions

Parbhani district covers an area of about 10,972 km². The east- west extent of the district is 135 km while the south to north extent is 140 km.

The district is divided into 12 administrative Sub-units (Tahsils)-Parbhani, Gangakhed, Pathri, Purna, Palam, Selu, Hingoli, Kalamnuri, Basmath, Jintur Aundha and Sengaon.

These 12 tahsils are grouped in 2 Sub-Divisions as follows.

Sub- Division Tahsils incorporated in them

Sailu Sailu, Parbhani, Gangakhed, Pathri , Palam, Purna

Hingoli Hingoli, Kalamnuri,Basmath, Jintur, Aundha, Sengaon

There are 11 towns with Municipal Councils and 1526 Villages.

Salient Physical Features

Physiographically the district can be divided into two major parts - hilly regions in the northern,northeastern and southern parts and low lying areas on the banks of rivers Dudhana, Godavari, Kayadhu and Penganga.

The hills on the north and north east form part of the Ajanta Hill ranges which pass through Jintur, Hingoli and Kalamnuri tahsils.The hills on the southern side are the Balaghat Hill ranges. The district is at an average height of 457 m from mean sea level.

Soil

Black cotton soil - as in many districts of Maharashtra - is the predominant soil type seen here, except for some patches of clayey to silty alluvial soil along the courses of the major rivers of Godavari, Dudhana, Purna and Karpara.

Land Use Patterns

Agriculture is the major land use category with more than 77% of the total area under agriculture. Forest land is glaringly small in area and accounts for only 2.59% of the total area.

The climate of the district is in general hot and dry, except for the monsoon season from June to September.

The winter season extends from December till February and the summer season from March till May.

The maximum temperature recorded in the month of May ranges from 41°C to 43°C while the lowest temperature recorded in the month of December/January ranges between 11°C and 14°C.

The district generally receives rainfall during the months of July, August and September from the south-west monsoon with average annual rainfall of 847 mm

Some showers are also experienced during Oct-Nov from the retreating monsoon.

The total annual rainfall in 1996 was 983 mm while the maximum rainfall recorded - 1456 mm - was in 1988.

The Talukawise average rain fall is as under

1) Parbhani - 803 mm ,

2) Purna - 803 m.m.,

3) Pathri - 816.7 m.m.

4) Sailu - 816.7 m.m.

5) Gangakhed - 697.0 m.m.

6) Palam - 697.0 m.m.

7) Hingoli - 837.6 m.m.

8) Sengaon - 837.6 m.m.

9) Aundha - 837.6 m.m.

10) Basmath - 1009 m.m.

11) Jintur - 813.3 m.m.

12) Kalamnuri - 961.2 m.m.

Socio-economic Profile

Demographic Features

According to the 1991 census, the demographic features in Parbhani district are:

Total number of households : 3,80,000

Total Population : 21,17,035

Total male population : 10,83,724

Total female population : 10,33,241

Sex Ratio : 953

Urban Population : 4,77,000

Rural Population : 16,40,035

Percentage of urban

population to total population : 22.51%

Population Density : 192

Literacy rate : 47.58%

Male Literacy rate : 64.90%

Female Literacy rate : 29.41%

SC/ST

SC Percentage : 11.02%

ST Percentage : 5.27%

Urban Locations

Agricultural and Crop Pattern in the District

Rivers

Parbhani district is divided into three subbasins - Godavari, Godavari-Purna and Penganga.

The Godavari river passes through the southern part of the district . The river Purna which is tributary of Godavari, passes from east to west through the northern part of the district and joins the Godavari at Kantheshwar in Purna Taluka.

The Penganga flows exactly at the north east, bordering Akola , Yavatmal and Parbhani Dist.

The Godavari Sub-basin occupies nearly 33% area. The Indrayani, Khadki, Galati, and Dhond are the major tributaries. The Godadavri-Purna sub-basin,in the central part of the district, covers 33% of the total district area. Dudhana and Karpara are the main tributaries of the Purna. Penganga sub-basin covers the northern part of the district. The river Kayadhu is the only major tributary of the Penganga in Parbhani district.

Dams

Major Dams are on the Purna river

¨ Yeldari Dam (Hydroelectric Power Station) in Jintur Tahsil

¨ Sidheshwar Dam (Irrigation Reservoir)in Aundha Tahsil

Medium Projects

¨ Masoli Dam at Makhni in Tahsil Gangakhed.

¨ Karpara Dam at Niwli Bk, Tahsil Jintur.

Irrigation Projects.

Major

Power Stations and Electricity Installations

There is a Hydroelectric power station at Yeldari in Jintur Tahsil with a capacity of 75 KW.

All towns and and villages have been electrified.

As per 1994-95 figures, there are 232 Registered industries of which 47 industries are defunct. Thus 185 industries are functioning which collectively employs 5535 people.

The Maharashtra Industries Development Corporation has Industrial Estates at Parbhani and Hingoli

There are three sugar factories in co-operative sector, which have total produced 92209 m.t. sugar in the year 1994-95. Apart from these three factories two more factories are under construction.

¨ Purna Sahakari Karkhana at Basmath

¨ Godavari Dudhna Sahakari Karkhana at Deonandra Tq. Pathri

¨ Marathwada Sahakari Sakhar Karkhana at Dongerkada Tq. Kalamnuri,

There is one Spinning Mill at Parbhani which has produced. 7.43 m.t. staple in the year 1994-95. There are still 7 more spinning mills in Co-operative Sectors are under construction.

There is a fertilizer factory at village Mainapuri in Jintur Tq. which is under construction in co-operative Sector, which may engage 1500 labourers.

The extent of industrialisation is reflected in the number of industrial estates and the number of vehicles carrying finished goods and raw material through the district.

Railways have a good network of routes (total length of 259 kms) which link almost all talukas in the district. There are direct trains linking to Banglore , Mumbai , Ahmedbad , Bhopal, Amritsar, New Delhi and Hyderabad on Broad gauge section and Jaipur on Meter gauge section,

Road network is also extensive , connecting all talukas, and villages, state highways, district roads etc. The total length of roads is 6969.84 k.ms The State transport has a well spread out network with 7 Bus Depots. Almost all major Dist. head quarters and Pilgrim centres in the Maharashtra are connected with bus routes, including major cities of other states like Indore, Surat, Hyderabad.

Parbhani, Hingoli and Manwath are the important market places ; large amount of agricultural produce is transported both in and out, through private transporters. The sugar is transported to various parts of the country.

The following table summarises the transportation network in the district :

There is one low power transmission centre at Parbhani by which, Doordarshan service is available with almost every village. There is also one All India Radio station at Parbhani which transmits on the Medium Wave, and also relays the broadcasting of All India Radio Mumbai. Moreover, the use of Dish antennas transmitting the various satellite channels through special cables is also increasing.

Proposed Development

New Industrial Estates proposed

3.11.3 Town Development Schemes

There are no proposed town development schemes or afforestation schemes proposed anywhere in the district.

3.11.4 New Dams

· No Major dam is proposed to be constructed in the district in the near future.

· Among Medium Projects, there is the Lower Dudhana Project on the river Dudhana near Brahmanwakdi village in Sailu tahsil, with a capacity of 24,480 cusecs, and proposed to be completed by March 1998.

RISK ASSESSMENT AND VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS

Economic, Social, Educational And Occupational Profile Of The Population

· Agriculture is the major economic activity with 74.27% of the total area of the district being used for agricultural purposes.

¨ The number of registered land holdings as per the 1991 census is 3,90,854 and the total land used by them 9,54,507 Ha.

¨ Extensive agricultural activity is noticed in the district except in the Jintur and Kalamnuri tahsils.

¨ In the command areas of the Isapur and Purna projects, double crops are a regular feature.

¨ There are three harvesting seasons - Kharif (Jowar, rice, cotton, groundnut, sunflowers) , Rabi (Jowar, Wheat, safflower), and summer (groundnut and vegetables).

· The total population of the district (1991 census) is 21,17,035.

¨ The average density of population is 192, with Parbhani taluka having the highest (311) and Jintur the lowest (146).

¨ There are 11 major rural centres where the population density is very high with Parbhani city having 3303 persons per km².

¨ 77.49% reside in rural areas; there are 8 major rural centres with populations between 7,000 to 10,000; majority of the population in these centres is engaged in agriculture.

¨ The sex ratio stands at 953 females per 1000 males.

· According to the 1991 census the number of people gainfully employed stood at 8,90,300 which is 42.05% of the total population.

¨ Farmers and farm labourers dominate the occupation categories with 38.95% and 41.42% respectively.

¨ 4.55% of the work force is engaged in trade and commerce activities while the remaining 15.08% are in other occupational categories like construction, transport, fishing, hunting, mining and quarrying etc.

· Industrial activities are on a very low scale with industrial area accounting for only 373.57 km² of the total district area.

¨ As per 1994-95 figures there are 185 industries running in the district which collectively employ 5535 people.

¨ The percentage of industrial workers to total population is negligible both in rural as well as urban centres.

¨ There are two MIDC estates at Parbhani and Hingoli - at other taluka places there is one proposed MIDC each.

· Educational facilities span the whole range from small Anganwadis to Degree colleges.

· Upto end of 1993-94 there were 1732 primary schools, 214 high schools,28 higher secondary schools, 12 colleges and other facilities like Navodaya Vidyalaya, one Pharmacy College and Homeopathy college at Parbhani, and the Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth at Parbhani.

Disaster Specific Proneness

Floods

· There are three major rivers, Godavari, Purna and Penganga ; the Purna being a tributary of the Godavari ; another important river is the Dudhana which is a tributary of the Purna.

· The district generally receives rainfall during the months of July, August and September from the south-west monsoon with average annual rainfall of 847 mm

· The total annual rainfall in 1996 was 983 mm while the maximum rainfall recorded - 1456 mm - was in 1988.

The major rivers of Godavari, Dudhana and Purna show flooding every year as shown below

· Floods in Parbhani district as in most of the Marthwada are in the form of flash floods resulting from heavy precipitation in the catchment zones of the major rivers leading to increased flow downstream.

· Medium and large dams either situated outside the district (e.g. Majalgaon Dam, Beed District) or within the district (Yeldari and Sidheshwar Dams) also contribute to flooding in Parbhani district by releasing large quantities of water from the reservoirs during heavy spells of monsoon.

· There have also been instances of small earthen dams collapsing due to force of the water during monsoon and causing floods in the downstream villages.

· Except for the Karpara, most of the major rivers originate outside the district and may have dams built on them.

· Hence flooding in Parbhani district - a medium probability of future occurrence- depends on the rainfall in adjacent districts and the amount of water released from medium and large dams both outside and within the district.

· The district administration takes effective steps before the monsoon starts and this has helped in minimising the damage caused due to floods.

Past occurrences of flooding :

a. Occurrences of floods in the last 10 years 4

b. Number of deaths due to floods 3

c. Total loss due to floods Rs.10,50,64,840/-

A comprehensive list of risk prone villages w.r.t floods has been prepared by the district administration.

Taluka - Parbhani

There are a total of 12 villages which are flood prone.

¨ Angalgaon ------- Godavari River

¨ Deothana ------ Confluence of Dudhana and Purna rivers

¨ Mangangaon |

¨ Sultanpur |

¨ Karla |

¨ Matak-Hala |

¨ Digras |------ Dudhana river

¨ Dhar |

¨ Karadgaon |

¨ Mandva |

¨ Hingla |

¨ Murumba |

Taluka Pathri

There are nine villages which are flood prone - all along the banks of Godavari river.

¨ Mudgal

¨ Patoda

¨ Targavhan

¨ Dakupipri

¨ Vita Bk.

¨ Liba

¨ Vadi

¨ Vagi

¨ Kansur

Taluka Basmath

Only one village - Kurunda- is flood prone

Taluka Hingoli

Mahadev Wadi area of Hingoli town has a risk of floods

Taluka Palam

The following villages on the banks of the Godavari have a risk of floods,

¨ Ravrajpur

¨ Savangi Bk.

¨ Dhanewadi

¨ Khurlewadi

¨ Arkhed

¨ Umarthadi

¨ Someshwar

¨ Phala

¨ Pimpalgaon

¨ Bhogaon

¨ Gunz

¨ Rahati

¨ Digras

¨ Barbadi

Taluka Sengaon

Kolsa village on the banks of the Kayadhu river has a risk of floods.

Taluka Kalamnuri

¨ Takalgavhan

¨ Chikhli

¨ Shevala

Taluka Selu

The Dudhana river passes through the centre of the taluka and almost all the villages on the banks of the river are considered as flood prone by the Taluka officials.

¨ Sirala

¨ Raja

¨ Brahmangaon

¨ Kavaddhan

¨ Khupsa

¨ Moregaon

¨ Pimpri Bk.

¨ Pimpri Kd.

¨ Sonna

¨ Bramhavakdi

¨ Gomevakdi

¨ Rajvadi

¨ Kothala

¨ Rajura

¨ Mangrul

¨ Savangimagar

¨ Irlad

¨ Gogalgaon

¨ Valangwadi

¨ Amegaondigar

¨ Parditakli

¨ Dughra

¨ Kajali Rohina

¨ Karajkheda

¨ Takli Nilvarna

¨ Kherda

¨ Khadgaon

¨ Karadgaon

Taluka Aundha

The villages on the banks of the Purna river are considered as flood prone

¨ Rupur

¨ Dhar

¨ Matha

¨ Chimegaon

¨ Anjanwadi

¨ Pota Kh.

¨ Takalgavhan

¨ Nalgaon

¨ Ankhali

¨ Pharjabad

¨ Nandkheda

Taluka Gangakhed

The list of villages on the banks of the Godavari, Van, Masoli and Borna which are considered to have a risk of flooding during the monsoons :

¨ Vaghalgaon Japti

¨ Vita Kh.

¨ Lasina

¨ Dudhgaon

¨ Dhadi Ukkadgaon

¨ Ganga Pimpri

¨ Dhadi Pimpalgaon

¨ Molegaon

¨ Vadi Pimpalgaon

¨ Lohigram

¨ Khadka

¨ Pohandul

¨ Mohola

¨ Dharasur

¨ Mairalsavangi

¨ Goundgaon

¨ Khali

¨ Mahatburi

¨ Bhambarwadi

¨ Dusalgaon

¨ Dharkhed

¨ Nagtana

¨ Pimpri

¨ Zhola

¨ Masla

¨ Gangakhed

¨ Karam

¨ Ukadgaom Makta

¨ Vadi Naikota

¨ Naikota

¨ Bhisegaon

¨ Ukhli Bk.

¨ Sonepeth

¨ Sonkhed

¨ Gawli Pimpri

¨ Khapat Pimpri

¨ Dhardighol

¨ Isad

¨ Kodgaon

¨ Narlad

¨ Irlad

¨ Pimpaldari

¨ Kodri

Taluka Jintur

There is no village with risk of flooding during the monsoons

Taluka Purna

There is no village with risk of flooding during the monsoons

Preventive and Preparedness Measures undertaken for floods

· There is a Disaster Master Plan for floods already prepared.

· Control Room is established in the Collectorate during the monsoon months of June to October and works round the clock. Similar control rooms equipped with a telephone and special messengers are also established in each tahsil office and sub-divisional office.

· The Irrigation department maintains a wireless network with it’s flood monitoring stations.

· Village committees are constituted to help in evacuation and relief work.

· Land use regulations with respect to flood prone areas has been rigorously followed which has helped in minimising damage.

· The Upper Dudhana Project (under construction) in Jalna district will considerably reduce the vulnerability of downstream areas in Parbhani district to floods.

· Kolhapur type dams, Flood protection walls are also being constructed at a few places.

· There are 7 Rainfall Monitoring Stations and 5 Flood Monitoring Stations within the district.

Cyclones

· Parbhani District like all the other districts of Marathwada has stray instances of hailstorms rather than cyclones.

· Such hailstorms occur not necessarily during the monsoon period only, and may occur during the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon times also.

· On 13th March 1995, a hailstorm struck the district affecting the five talukas of Parbhani, Hingoli, Sengaon, Aundha and Kalamnuri.

· Although there was minimal human loss, extensive damage - to the tune of Rs.14.5 lakhs - was caused to standing crops.

· For such hailstorms, there is no effective warning system designed with the help of the Meteorological department.

Epidemics

· Although past occurrences of epidemics in Parbhani district have been minimal, the district administration has indicated a medium probability of future occurrence.

· Epidemics are generally caused due to contamination of drinking water, bad hygienic conditions for cooking and a general lack of awareness for cleanliness.

· 290 villages are without piped water supply in Parbhani district and have to depend on nalas/rivers/wells for drinking water.

· 1525 villages are without water quality monitoring facility - there is only one water quality laboratory at Parbhani.

· Population below poverty line - that part of the population most vulnerable to epidemics- accounts for 16% of the total population.

· Illiterates - another vulnerable section - constitute more than 61%.

· Risk of epidemics is high during the flood events (which are quite common in Parbhani district) when people invariably drink contaminated water.

· Hence all the flood prone villages enlisted earlier are potential risk areas for epidemics during the monsoon.

· There have been only 4 instances of epidemics in the last ten years leading to 23 deaths and medical expenditure of Rs.2 lakhs.

· The General Hospital at Parbhani has compiled an Emergency Action Plan for control of epidemics which may occur floods.

· There is only one Poison Centre and Blood Bank in the whole district at Parbhani.

· Although there has been no case of food poisoning as yet, a major event could considerably stretch the resources of this single poison centre.

Road Accidents

· There are a total of 6824 km of roads in the district out of which 556 km are of state highways and 5000km of Zilla Parishad.

· There are no National Highways passing through the district.

· Till March 1994, there were 22,357 registered vehicles in the district of which two wheelers (motorcycles, scooters, mopeds etc.) account for more than 77%.

· There were 905 registered transport vehicles in the district.

· Parbhani is the main industrial centre in the district and there is considerable outflow and inflow of raw material and goods.

· However the materials transported are not of hazardous nature, as there are no potentially hazardous industries in the district.

· Even then the district administration considers road accidents to have a high probability for future occurrence.

¨ There are 43 road side settlements/villages which are vulnerable in case of any major accident.

¨ There are 46 unmanned railway crossings which constitute a latent hazard.

¨ Increased industrialisation in the district is bound to result in increased traffic of passengers as well as goods.

¨ Although there are no major hazardous industries at present and inflow and outflow of hazardous materials is minimal, with more and more MIDCs coming up there are bound to be chemical factories in these estates.

¨ There are only two fire brigades (Parbhani and Jintur) which at the present juncture seems reasonable.

Fires

· Risk of major industrial fires affecting a large number of population is low in the district.

· The number of toxic and chemical industries is very less.

· There are no settlements around major factories and industrial areas.

· Transport of hazardous materials by road is also very less.

· LPG dealerships/godowns in the major urban centres where population density is more than 2000 constitute a major fire hazard.

· There have been a total of 77 road accidents and fires in the district in the last 10 years resulting in 77 deaths.

· The present infrastructure of dealing with fires seems adequate with two fire stations (Parbhani and Jintur).

Industrial and Chemical Accidents

· Parbhani is not one of the more industrialised districts in Maharashtra.

· There are only two working MIDC estates at Parbhani and Hingoli. Only MIDC Parbhani has toxic and chemical industries numbering 5.

· Major types of industries in both the estates include agrobased, engineering, oil mills, cement pipes, fabrication, biscuits, electrical industries etc.

· Two industries within MIDC Parbhani, Mathura Extraction - which stores hexane -and Gajanan Chemicals -which stores significant amount of chlorine- are considered as hazardous locations.

· Godavari Gas Agencies and Shivaji Gas Services -which store large quantities of LPG - are potential hazardous locations. However, since both the godowns are in Parbhani MIDC and away from residential areas, the danger to settlements is minimal.

· There have been no accidents in industries in the past and the possibility of a major accident affecting a large section of the population in the future is low.

· Hence the present infrastructure with only two fire stations at Parbhani and Jintur seems adequate to deal with emergencies

· With rapid development and more industrial estates coming up in the district, there are chances of hazardous industries being set up, thus increasing the risk of industrial accidents.

· The infrastructure for fire fighting, police, medical services, community awareness, around these industrial estates needs to be strengthened for an effective response to industrial disasters.

Earthquakes

· Parbhani district does not have a history of earthquakes; there are no seismic events in the past.

· The Sept 30, 1993 earthquake at Killari was felt here, but no damage was caused except for small cracks to a few houses.

· A major earthquake with epicentre in the northern part of Latur district, - albeit a remote possibility - will significantly affect the talukas of Gangakhed, Pathri and Parbhani.

Disaster Probability

The following table gives the possible effects future disasters will have :

Specific Vulnerability Of Systems And Services To Disaster Events

Ranking And Probability Of Disaster Episodes

The following case studies illustrate the kind of hazards faced by Parbhani district in the past, the nature of damage caused, the administrative response, and most importantly any shortcomings with regard to the infrastructure available to respond more effectively.

Floods

Episode 1

Due to the heavy rains occurred on 23rd and 24th July 1989 all the Nalas/Rivers in the Dist. were flowing with flooded water and release of waters from the Majalgaon Dam in Beed Dist. And Yeldari and Sidheshwar in Parbhani Dist. which resulted the calamity, 9 villages were engulfed with waters, all communications were cut off and 24 villages were severely affected, 3 human lives lost in this floods 7846 persons were evacuated and shifted to 26 temporary shelters. Therefore, to assess the losses. A Dy. Collector for each taluka was appointed who formulated teams assessing all the types of damages as shown above, with the assistance of the Tahasildar, Block Development Officer, Sub-Div. Soil Conservation Officer, Dy. Engineers of P.W.D and Irrigation Dept. and the Police.

The action taken by Dist. Administration with the help of other Depts. could save the human losses.

1. Types of Episode : Floods due to heavy rains.

2. Location : 460 Villages

3. Date : 23rd & 24th July 1989.

4. Reasons assigned for : Heavy rains in various parts of the district the event

Rivers in the Dist. flooded due to heavy rains and flooded water released from Dams.

5. Warning Systems : A Comprehensive Disaster Plan is always prepared each year taluka-wise where Control Room is opened in each Tahsil Office. The Warnings received to the collector office i.e. Dist.Control room, is communicated to the Control Rooms at Tahsil Control rooms, the Tahsildars communicates, such warnings to the Revenue field staff, who in turn propagate the same in the villages and takes necessary steps, like evacuation of habitants residing in the low lying areas, or near the banks of Rivers/Nalas. This practice was used. However the intensity of this calamity was wide spread covering all most all villages in the District.

6. Damage Caused :

The losses occurred in the calamity are as below.

i) No. of villages Affected . : 460

ii) Population Affected. : 1,42,273

iii) No. of human lives lost. : 3

iv) No. of destitutes. : 1,615

v) Crops affected Area. : 24,96,581 Ha.

vi) Value of Crop’s damage. : 3,17,85,025 Rs.

vii) No. of affected Cultivators. : 24,960

viii) Agricultural land damage. : 2,893 Ha.

ix) Value of land damage. : 17,72,390 Rs.

x) Agricultural land severely damaged : 79.17 Ha.

xi) Value of land severely damaged. : 12,68,000 Rs.

xii) No. of Cattle lost. : 77

xiii) No. of Sheeps/Goats lost. : 154

xiv) Value of Cattle loss. : 1,64,250 Rs.

xv) Value of Sheeps/Goats : 39,650 Rs.

xvi) No. of houses damaged :

xvii) Agricultural damages such as : Electric Motors, Starters, implements

xviii) Other losses :20,000 Rs.

xix) Losses / damages to public : 7,24,61,500 Rs.

utilities such as roads, building etc.

_________________________________________________________

Total Losses 10,50,64,840 Rs.

__________________________________________________________

Episode 2

1.Type of Episode : Heavy rains & Flood

2.Location : Suppa Tq. Gangakhed

3.Date : 23/07/1988

4.Reasons for the event : Due to heavy rains in the catchment area

of percolation Tank No.2 Suppa Tq.Gangakhed, broken away.

5.Warning System used : On seeing the high velocity of water due to heavy rains. The Talathi of Revenue Dept. and other officials had alerted the residents about the likelihood of a calamity and shifted the persons living near the tank and through a special messenger also intimated the Tahasildar Gangakhed about the situation. The Tahsildar Gangakhed deployed other staff, however the wall of Tank totally collapsed in the night of 23/09/1988. The Govt. Machinery succeeded in saving the lives of people, however one women drowned in the speedy flowing water.

6. Damages Caused : The losses occurred in this calamity are shown below.

i) Loss of lives : 1 ( Woman )

ii) Loss of crops : 149.50 Ha.

iii) Damages to lands : 79.17 Ha.

iv) Loss of live stocks : 8

v) Loss of houses : Nil

Episode 3

1.Types of Episode : Floods due to heavy rains.

2.Reasons assigned for the : High velocity of water due to heavy event. rains.

3.Warning system used : The Concerned Revenue officials intimated the calamity to Tahasildar through a message and in turn the Tahsildar informed the same to the Dist. Collector on Phone. The Revenue officials had alerted the people residing at village about likely danger to the Tank due to high velocity of water and taken steps to evacuate the persons, likely to be in danger, the Govt. Machinery could succeed in saving lives of People, resulting only no human loss.

4. Damage Caused

The losses in this calamity occurred is as follows.

i) Human lives : Nil

ii) Losses of crops : 234.68 Ha.

iii) Land damages : 69.35 Ha.

iv) Losses of live stock : Nil

v) Losses of houses : Nil

Episode 4

1.Types of Episode : Floods due to heavy rains.

2.Reasons assigned for the: High velocity of water due to heavy

event. rains resulting collapse of walls of tank.

3.Warning system used : As stated in the above two episodes.

4. Damage Caused : The losses occurred, in the event are as under.

i) Human loss : Nil

ii) Losses of Crops : 159.45 Ha.

iii) Land damages : 3.70 Ha.

iv) Losses of live stock : Nil

v) Losses of houses : Nil

Administrative Preparedness For Flood Events:

It is a general practice adopted in the Dist. each year that the village level officials and non officials are given instructions to remain present at their head quarters, during monsoon, particularly when they are alerted about heavy rains, through any source, even T.V./Radios News bulletins. They are well instructed about action to be taken at the event of calamity. This practice was followed at the time of above calamities. More emphasis, on checking of such Dams, Tanks, before rainy season and carry out necessary repairs by the concerned Dept. in found necessary to avert such events.

Cyclones

1.Types of Episodes : Cyclones and hail storm.

2.Location : Villages in 1) Parbhani 2) Hingoli

3) Sengaon 4) Aundha & 5) Kalamnuri Taluqas.

3.Date : 13/03/1995

4.Reasons assigned for the: Natural reasons. event.

5.Warning system used : This instance occurred all of a sudden, hence warning system could be used.

6. Damage Caused :

The cyclone with Hailstorm occurred on 13/03/1995 in some parts of the district covering 5 out of 12 Talukas in the Dist. The survey of damages and losses carried out by forming teams by the respective Tahsildars of Talukas. The losses occurred are as below.

i) Human Loss : 1

ii) Losses of Cattle : 1 ( Rs. 3000 /- )

iii) Losses of Sheep/ Goats : 66 ( Rs. 27,450 /-)

iv) Crops damages : 1082.67 Ha. ( Rs.10,43,750 /-)

v) Horticulture Bagayat Crops : 83.65 Ha. ( Rs. 3,06,250 /-)

vi) Damages to Houses : 26 ( Rs. 45,350 /- )

Earthquake

The earthquake occurred in Latur and Osmanabad Dist. on 30/09/93 had some impact on this district, but no sizable losses occurred, excepting that some of the houses developed cracks. Hence no such event is quoted in the format.

Epidemics

Episode 1

1.Type of Episode : Gastro

2.Location : Wandan, Gangakhed Tq. Bori, Jintur Tq, and Mannos Pimpri Hingoli Tq.

3.Date : 1991

4.Reasons assigned for the:Due to contamination of Drinking Water event.

5.Warning systems used : The local Police Patil, Talathi and Gram Sevak had informed about the incident, through special messenger to the Tahasildar/ BDO and also to the Medical Officer of PHC concerned.

A Medical team with required medicine and Bleaching Powder etc was deputed to the spot. 38 persons at Wandan & 54 persons at Bori were affected at each place one person died in this calamity.

Episode 2

1.Type of Episode : Cholera.

2.Location : Pokharni Tq. Parbhani.

3.Date : 1993

4.Reasons assigned for the : Contamination of Drinking water. event.

5.Warning systems used : As explained above.

72 Persons were affected by Cholera . The Medical Team was deputed for treatment however one person died in this epidemic.

Road Accidents

Episode 1

Type of Episode : Accident to a Vehicle.

Location : Jintur Tq,

Date : 1987

Reasons assigned for the : Drivers fault event.

Warning systems used : No.

The accident occurred due to rash driving in which six persons died at the spot.

Episode 2

Type of Episode : Accident to a Vehicle.

Location : Sonpeth Tq,

Date : 1992

Reasons assigned for the : Drivers fault event.

Warning systems used : No.

In this accident 17 persons died and 7 were injured. This accident occurred due to rash driving.

Episode 3

Type of Episode : Accident to a Vehicle.

Location : Kalamnuri Tq,

Reasons assigned for the : Drivers fault event.

Warning systems used : No.

The accident occurred due to rash driving in which 4 persons died and 8 were injured.

Episode 4

Type of Episode : Accident to a Vehicle.

Location : Mardasgaon Gangakhed Tq,

Date : 1984

Reasons assigned for the : Drivers fault event.

Warning systems used : Message given in person to the Tahasildar by a person on Motor Cycle.

The accident occurred due to rash driving of a driver of a truck in which approximately 80 persons were travelling. 11 persons died in this accident.

On receiving information all the injured persons were shifted to Gangakhed, Rural Hospital by the Tahasildar. After First Aid treatment these injured persons were shifted to Civil Hospital Parbhani. 4 persons died at spot and 7 died in the Hospital when undergoing treatment.

Fires

Episode 1

Fire occurred on 14/04/89 to a truck No. MWP - 9529 at Parbhani.

Type of Episode : Fire to a truck . ( In which 90 children were travelling in this procession.)

Location : Nanal Peth, Parbhani City.

Date : 14/04/89 at 7.00 P. M.

Reasons assigned for the : Overheating of Engine. event.

Warning systems used : No.

The truck was in the procession of Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Jayanti Celebrations in which about 90 children were travelling. The said procession came at Nanal peth in the heart of Parbhani city and caught fire,

The rescue operation were carried on immediately as Dist. heads i.e. the Collector, the S.P. and there Subordinate officers were present to handle the procession. 15 children died at the spot and 28 children expired, during treatment by to 30/05/89. Total 43 children were killed in this fire episode. 17 children met with minor injuries, 11 had medium type injuries and 3 had serious injuries. Total 31 children were injured.

Annexure II Fact Sheets On Hazardous Industries

Fact Sheet 1

I. Factory identity :- M/s Gajanan Chemicals

II. Address :- Plot No. A-38, MIDC Area, Parbhani

III. Location (mention the industrial estate if applicable) :- MIDC Parbhani

IV. Contact Persons :- Shri R.M. Sawle, Plot No. A-38 MIDC Parbhani ( Ph.No.48217)

V. Principle activity(ies) for each plant :- Production of stable bleaching powder

VI. Inventory of the hazardous chemicals (raw materials, intermediate products,final products and wastes)

III. Consequences of major hazards from processing :- as above.

IX. Physical range of consequences :- ---- Not applicable

X. An inventory of personal protective equipment in the factory premises: N. A.

XI. Action required :

· Fire brigade - Phone No.20101 (Nagar Parishad, Parbhani)

· Police service - Phone No. 20170 (Mondha Police Station, Parbhani)

· Medical Services -Phone No. 20037 (Civil Hospital, Parbhani)

· Communication services -Phone No. 23696 ( S.T. Stand, Parbhani)

Phone No. 23131 (Railway Station, Parbhani.)

XII. Estimated Response time : 10 Minutes

XIII. Layouts of the plants (to be updated as and when expansions/modernization occur) Lay-out enclosed

XIV. Chemical And Gas pipelines : N. A.

XV. Vehicles for transportation : N. A.

XVI. Parking :- N. A.

Fact Sheet 2

I. Factory identity :- M/s Kamala Metal Processors

II. Address :- Plot No. A-26/1 MIDC , Parbhani ( Ph. No. 48686 )

III. Location (mention the industrial estate if applicable) :- MIDC Parbhani

IV. Contact Persons :- Shri R.M. Patel C/o Vishnu Ginning Mill, Parbhani

Phone No. 23455

V. Principle activity(ies) for each plant :- Metal Powder.

VI. Inventory of the hazardous chemicals (raw materials, intermediate products, final products and wastes)

VIII. Consequences of major hazards from processing :- as above.

IX. Physical range of consequences :- ---- Not applicable

X. An inventory of personal protective equipment in the factory premises. : N. A.

XI. Action required : N. A.

· Fire brigade - Phone No.20101 (Nagar Parishad, Parbhani)

· Police service -Phone No. 20170 (Mondha Police Station, Parbhani)

· Medical Services -Phone No. 20037 (Civil Hospital, Parbhani)

· Communication services -Phone No. 23696 ( S.T. Stand, Parbhani)

· Phone No. 23131 (Railway Station, Parbhani.)

XII. Estimated Response time : 10 Minutes

XIII. Layouts of the plants (to be updated as and when expansions/modernization occur) Lay-out enclosed

XIV. Chemical And Gasses pipeline : N. A.

XV. Vehicles for transportation : N. A.

XVI. Parking :- N. A.

Fact Sheet 3

I. Factory identity :- M/s Mathura Extraction MIDC Parbhani

II. Address :- Plot No. A-20, 21 MIDC Parbhani - 431 401

Phone Nos. 48155, 48105, 48115

III. Location (mention the industrial estate if applicable) :- MIDC Parbhani

IV. Contact Persons :- Shri Harish Kanchan Katrnwar (Ph.No. 23772)

V. Principle activity(ies) for each plant :- Extraction & Oil

VI. Inventory of the hazardous chemicals (raw materials, intermediate products, final products and wastes)

VIII. Consequences of major hazards from processing - Out break of fire with explosion.

IX. Physical range of consequences :- In the radius of 200 Meters.

X. An inventory of personal protective equipment in the factory premises. : N. A.

XI. Action required : N. A.

· Fire brigade - Phone No.20101 (Nagar Parishad, Parbhani)

· Police service -Phone No. 20170 (Mondha Police Station, Parbhani)

· Medical Services -Phone No. 20037 (Civil Hospital, Parbhani)

· Communication services -Phone No. 23696 ( S.T. Stand, Parbhani)

· Phone No. 23131 (Railway Station, Parbhani.)

XII. Estimated Response time : 10 Minutes

XIII. Layouts of the plants (to be updated as and when expansions/modernization occur) Lay-out enclosed

XIV. Chemical And Gas pipelines : N. A.

XV. Vehicles for transportation : N. A.

XVI. Parking :- N. A.

Fact Sheet 4

I. Factory identity :- M/s Godawari Gas Agency

II. Address :- Plot No. A-40 MIDC, Parbhani - 431 401

III. Location (mention the industrial estate if applicable) :- MIDC Parbhani

IV. Contact Persons :- Shri Ratanlal G. Mudada Subash Road, Parbhani

V. Principle activity(ies) for each plant :- Stocking of L.P.G. Gas Cylinders.

VI. Inventory of the hazardous chemicals (raw materials, intermediate products, final products and wastes)

VIII. Consequences of major hazards from processing :- Yes

IX. Physical range of consequences :- In the radius of 200 Meters.

X. An inventory of personal protective equipment in the factory premises. : N. A.

XI. Action required : N. A.

· Fire brigade - Phone No.20101 (Nagar Parishad, Parbhani)

· Police service -Phone No. 20170 (Mondha Police Station, Parbhani)

· Medical Services -Phone No. 20037 (Civil Hospital, Parbhani)

· Communication services -Phone No. 23696 ( S.T. Stand, Parbhani)

· Phone No. 23131 (Railway Station, Parbhani.)

XII. Estimated Response time : 10 Minutes

XIII. Layouts of the plants (to be updated as and when expansions/modernization

occur) Lay-out enclosed

XIV. Chemical And Gasses pipeline : N. A.

XV. Vehicles for transportation : N. A.

XVI. Parking :- N. A.

Fact Sheet 5

I. Factory identity :- M/s Shivaji Gas Services.

II. Address :- Plot No. C-31 MIDC Parbhani - 431 401

III. Location (mention the industrial estate if applicable) :- MIDC Parbhani

IV. Contact Persons :- Shri S.S. Deshmukh Supermarket, Parbhani - 431 401Phone No. 21498

V. Principle activity(ies) for each plant :- Godown of L.P.G.

VI. Inventory of the hazardous chemicals (raw materials, intermediate products, final products and wastes)

VIII. Consequences of major hazards from processing:- Yes.

IX. Physical range of consequences :- In the radius of 200 Meters.

X. An inventory of personal protective equipment in the factory premises. : N. A.

XI. Action required : N. A.

· Fire brigade -Phone No.20101 (Nagar Parishad, Parbhani)

· Police service -Phone No. 20170 (Mondha Police Station, Parbhani)

· Medical Services -Phone No. 20037 (Civil Hospital, Parbhani)

· Communication services -Phone No. 23696 ( S.T. Stand, Parbhani)

Phone No. 23131 (Railway Station, Parbhani.)

XII. Estimated Response time : 10 Minutes

XIII. Layouts of the plants (to be updated as and when expansions/modernization occur) Lay-out enclosed

XIV. Chemical And Gas pipeline : N. A.

XV. Vehicles for transportation : N. A.

XVI. Parking :- N. A.

CAPABILITY ANALYSIS

Inventory and Evaluation of resources

Inventory and evaluation of resources is necessary for assessing the capacity of the district to respond effectively to different types of disasters, and more specifically to the disasters that the district is specifically vulnerable to.

The detailed inventory of resources along with the locations, and contact phone numbers of the authorities in- charge are given in Section X, and an evaluation of those resources is presented here.

In the case of Parbhani district, the capability is judged primarily in terms of the ability of the district administration to respond to floods, road accidents, and epidemics. During a disaster, both governmental and non-governmental (include private) resources are planned to be mobilised. The list of resources available with the government and other agencies is given on the following pages.

Communication and Media

Monitoring, Prediction and Warning systems

Technological support available at district level for monitoring, predicting and warning systems for specific disasters

Apart from the technological support available, the mass media can be used for delivering warning and alert messages to the community.

No. of local newspapers 14 (Daily) 114 (Weekly)

Number of radio stations 1

Number of TV transmission centres 1

Number of cable operators/customers 127 / 2480

Administrative Preparedness

Control Room in the district

A Control room is established during the monsoon months of June to October in the Collectorate and also in each tahsil office and sub-divisional office. Staff is deployed round the clock, and the control room is provided with a telephone, and messengers with a vehicle.

Existing Emergency Action Plans

· A master plan for mitigation of flood hazards is already in existence.

· This disaster plan envisages a village level committee comprising of the Sarpanch, Police Patil, Talathis, and Gram Sevaks.

· Moreover, before the advent of the monsoon season, a meeting is convened by the collector of all the Tahsildars, who are asked to prepare a list of villages likely to be flooded, the population (human/cattle) of each, availability of the near by medical services and police stations, list of expert swimmers, demarcation of safe places for evacuation etc.

· The General Hospital, Parbhani has also prepared an Action Plan for effective medical help during natural disasters.

· However a multi hazard response plan has not been prepared in the district.

Community Education and Preparedness Programmes

· Besides formation of village level committees for co-ordination during rescue and evacuation, no other community education preparedness programmes are undertaken by the district administration.

Implementation of Land Use Regulations and Zoning

· Zoning practices especially in flood prone areas are followed with the standard blue zone and red zone demarcations. No new constructions being allowed in these zones.

Disaster Specific Capability Analysis

Floods and Cyclones (Hailstorms)

· Parbhani district has a recurrent problem of floods with large parts of the district being flooded every monsoon - the list of villages is given in section III.

· There is a Disaster Master Plan for floods already prepared.

· Control Room is established in the Collectorate during the monsoon months of June to October and works round the clock. Similar control rooms equipped with a telephone and special messengers are also established in each tahsil office and sub-divisional office.

· The Irrigation department maintains a wireless network with it’s flood monitoring stations.

· Village commitees are constituted to help in evacuation and relief work.

· Land use regulations with respect to flood prone areas has been rigorously followed which has helped in minimising damage.

· Kolhapur type dams, Flood protection walls are also being constructed at a few places.

· There are 7 Rainfall Monitoring Stations and 5 Flood Monitoring Stations within the district.

· For hailstorms, there is no effective warning system designed with the help of the Meteorological department.

Epidemics

· All the flood prone villages enlisted earlier are potential risk areas for epidemics during the monsoon. There have been only 4 instances of epidemics in the last ten years leading to 23 deaths and medical expenditure of Rs.2 lakhs.

· The General Hospital at Parbhani has compiled an Emergency Action Plan for control of epidemics which may occur during floods.

· There is only one Poison Centre and Blood Bank in the whole district at Parbhani. Although there has been no case of food poisoning as yet, a major event could considerably stretch the resources of this single poison centre.

Fires and Industrial Accidents

· The present infrastructure of dealing with fires seems adequate with two fire stations (Parbhani and Jintur).

Preparedness Measures undertaken by Departments

In addition to the administrative preparedness measures, the district control room will receive reports on preparedness from the relevant district level departments and other departments, as per the details given below. This will enable the District Collector to analyse the capabilities and preparedness measures of various departments and report on the same to the Emergency Operations Centre, Relief Commissioner and Divisional Commissioner.

Preparedness Checklist for Police (to be filled in by the Department Head and submitted to the District Collector every six months)

Reported By :

Designation

Signature

Date

Preparedness Checklist for Public Health Department (to be filled in by the Civil Surgeon and District Health Officer and submitted to the DCR every six months)

Reported By :

Designation Signature Date

Preparedness Checklist for MSEB (to be filled in by the Department Head and submitted to the District Collector every six months)

Reported By :

Designation

Signature

Date

Preparedness Checklist for Maharashtra Jeevan Pradikaran (to be filled in by the Department Head and submitted to the District Collector every six months)

Reported By :

Designation

Signature

Date

Preparedness Checklist for Irrigation Department (to be filled in by the Department Head and submitted to the District Collector every six months)

Reported By :

Designation

Signature

Date

Preparedness Checklist for Telecommunications (to be filled in by the Department Head and submitted to the District Collector every six months)

Reported By :

Designation

Signature

Date

Preparedness Checklist for PWD (to be filled in by the Department Head and submitted to the District Collector every six months)

Reported By :

Designation

Signature

Date

Preparedness Checklist for Agriculture Department (to be filled in by the Department Head and submitted to the District Collector every six months)

Reported By :

Designation

Signature

Date

Preparedness Checklist for Animal Husbandry Department (to be filled in by the Department Head and submitted to the District Collector every six months)

Reported By :

Designation

Signature

Date

Public and Private Resources Inventory

Resource inventory consisting of manpower, transport, infrastructure and equipment for both private and public institutions including NGOs indicates the response capacity of the district. These have been given in the following tables. Keeping the specific vulnerability of the district to various disasters the information has been analysed.

Infrastructure available

Considering the government and private sector resources, the capability of the district and the resource availability is summarised below

Manpower

The number of NGOs working in the district : 15

Staff available with NGOs : 300

Private Hospitals : 132

Police Service Personnel : 1985

Fire Brigade personnel : 8

Health Service personnel : 1404

Defence Service Personnel : ---

Home Guards personnel : 1313

Infrastructure

Number of towns with Fire Brigade service : 2

Number of Private Hospitals with Surgery Facility : 30

Number of Public Hospitals with Surgery Facility and Ambulance Service : 2

Number of ambulances with private organisations : 5

Number of ambulances with public organisations : 15

Number of X-ray machines with private institutions : 7

Number of X-ray machines with public institutions : 11

Number of blood banks with private institutions : 1

Number of blood banks with public institutions : 1

Number of beds with private hospitals : 650

Number of beds with public organisations : N.A.

Public Hospitals : N.A.

Police : N.A.

Number of trauma care centres in private hospitals : Nil

Number of trauma care centres in public hospitals : Nil

Number ofpoison care centres in public hospitals : Nil

Number of pathological labs with private organisations : 6

Number of pathological labs with public organisations : 9

Number of boats : Nil

Technology Support

· Satellite Communication link with State Headquarters and Taluka office.

· Wireless communication accessible

· Telephones in all taluka headquarters.

· Fax machines in all taluka headquarters.

Special Equipment available at the district level

Adequacy of Existing Inventory for Disaster Management

The equipment available with the district administration for dealing with floods - the major hazard in the district- is more or less adequate. However there is need for more boats, more trained manpower, fire brigade staff.

Equipment which is useful in other disaster also like earthmoving machinery, bulldozers etc. are adequately available with the govt departments and private agencies.

However emergency medical facilities like trauma care centres, poison centres, mobile x-ray units, mobile water quality monitoring centres are slightly scarce and need to be increased in numbers.

MITIGATION STRATEGY

Requirements of the district in Responding to Future Disasters

This section highlights the inadequacies either by way of manpower or infrastructure, that the district administration suffers from, and which hamper a proper and co-ordinated approach to disasters.

Warning systems and dissemination methods

The warning system is available so far as heavy rains and floods are concerned but warning system for likely hood of earth quake is not available. Therefore at least one seismic instrument requested to be installed in a suitable place in the Dist.

Evacuation assistance of individuals, groups, or communities

The assistance depends upon the magnitude of the disaster. The Police and home guards can be deployed for this task for which, training is necessary apart from providing special equipments.

Rescue

The rescue operation were carried, during last floods with the help of Police, Home guard and Local Persons. But at the time of major disaster like earthquake, cyclone there is necessary to have special trained personnel like Military etc. The NGO’s Homewards and local persons needs to be trained for rescue operations, providing them special equipments like earthmover, small boats, mechanical equipment to clear the debris and also common kitchen for serving the food to affected person.

A detailed list of the requirements of the district for rescue operations is given overleaf.

1) Fibre boat : 01

2) Plastic boat : 01

3) Aluminium Assault  boat : 01

4) Out boat Motor : 01

5) Life Jacket / Life rings : 200

6) Overs (Big - Valve) : As per requirement.

7) Padel Chappu (Valve) : As per requirement.

8) Anchor with Rope : 01

9) Boat Hook : 03

10) Boat Repair Patch : As per requirement.

11) Magga : 05

12) Megaphone : 02

13) Rignrip : 50

14) Crow-bar : 02

15) Hatoda, Hammer : 01

16) Rope : 02

( 600 Feet & 3 Inch.)

17) Rope : 02

( 100 Feet & 2 Inch.)

18) Packet line : 50

19) Big- Barrel : 30

20) Wooden Plate : As per requirement

( 10 Feet & 21/2 Inch)

21) Tubes of Jeep/Truck : As per requirement

22) Coconut Rope : As per requirement

23) Tadpatri (Water Proof): 02

24) Tin Box : As per requirement

25) Jerry Can : As per requirement.

26) Wooden Coat : As per requirement.

27) Battery : As per requirement.

28) Single Pulley : 02

29) Double Pulley : 02

30) Tibble Pulley : 02

31) Rope : 02

( 300 Feet & 4 Inch.)

32) Rope : 02

( 200 Feet & 2 Inch.)

33) Gie-Line : 50

( 40 Feet & 1.5 Inch)

34) Streture : 03 ( Each of every Type)

( T,V & VL Type )

Telescopic : 01

35) Blanket : As per requirement.

36) Rain-Coat /Gumboot : As per requirement.

Mitigation Strategies

INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS AT THE DISTRICT LEVEL

Disaster management would involve many layers of participating organization. The three focal levels would be State, District and the site of the disaster. The State level agencies would be involved in policy decisions, resource allocation, prioritisation of activities and budget allocation and monitoring through the Emergency Operations Centre.

The District Disaster Management Committee (DDMC) is an apex planning body and will play a major role in preparedness and mitigation.

The district level response will be coordinated under the guidance of District Collector who will act as District Disaster Manager.

Responsibilities of Collector

The Collector shall be responsible for

v preparation of the DDMAP with the assistance of the DDMC.

v setting up District Control Room

v encouraging formation of Mutual Aid and Response Groups (MARG)

v Under the DDMAP, district level agencies would be responsible for directing field interventions through various agencies right from the stage of warning to relief and rehabilitation.

v At the disaster site, specific tasks to manage the disaster will be performed.

v Collector will be an integral part of the DCR.

v Collector will be assisted by SOC.

· SOC will be headed by a Site Manager.

· Site Manager will coordinate the activities at various camp sites and affected areas.

· The Site Operations Centre will report to the District Control Room.

v Collector will coordinate all the field responses. Field Responses include setting up Transit Camps, Relief Camps and Cattle Camps.

The desk arrangements provides for division of tasks, information gathering and record keeping and accountability of the desk officer to the DDM for specific functions. Each desk should have a Desk Officer assigned. The capacity of various desks to coordinate amongst themselves and with the units to be coordinated will ultimately decide the quality of response. Such a function of coordination would largely depend on the capacity to effectively keep a track on communications received and the decisions taken. Pro forma for “In and Out Messages and Register” are given in Annexure I.

Figure I

Coordination structure at district level

Disaster Management Committee

A Disaster Management Committee exists to assist the Collector in

v reviewing the threat of disasters

v vulnerability of the district to such disasters

v evaluating the preparedness and

v considering suggestions for improvement of the response document DDMAP.

The Committee meets once a year under the chairmanship of the Collector and consists of the following functionaries

District Control Room

The District Control Room, under the control of the district collector, will be the nerve centre

v to monitor

v co-ordinate and

v implement the actions for disaster management.

In a disaster situation the District Collector is the central authority exercising emergency powers to issue directives to all departments to provide emergency response service.

Normal Time Activity

The normal time activity of the Disaster Manager is to

v ensure that all warning and communication systems, instruments are in working condition.

v receive information on a routine basis from the district departments on the vulnerability of the various talukas and villages to disasters

v the Disaster Manager will receive reports on preparedness from the relevant district level departments and other departments, as per information details. These will be forwarded to the Emergency Operations Centre, Relief Commissioner and Divisional Commissioner.

v Upgrade and update DDMAP according to changing scenarios in the district

v Update data bank and maintain an inventory of resources as per Table 1.

v Inform Emergency Operations Centre (EOC) and YASHADA of any changes including updating of data bank and annexures

v Monitor preparedness measures, training activities including simulation exercises undertaken by various departments

v Ensure proper dissemination of DDMAP at the district level, local level and disaster prone areas

v Encourage formation of MARG in industrial areas.

v Organise post-disaster evaluation and update DDMAP accordingly

v Prepare reports and documents on district level disaster events and submit the same to EOC. The document should include

Ø source and cause of the disaster,

Ø description of the response effort,

Ø recommendations for preventive and mitigation measures,

Ø plans for upgrading emergency preparedness and response plans.

Table I

Inventory of resources, materials and equipment accessible to DCR

(to be updated by District Control Room every six months and sent to Emergency Operations Centre)

Warning or Occurrence of Disaster

On the basis of reports from the possible disaster site, or on warning from agencies competent to issue such a warning, or on the receipt of warning or alert from Emergency Operations Centre, the Collector will exercise the powers and responsibilities of the District Disaster Manager.

It is assumed that the district administration would be one of the key organisations for issuing warnings and alerts. Additionally, the list of agencies competent for issuing warning or alert is given below:

The warning or occurrence of disaster will be communicated to

v Chief Secretary, Relief Commissioner, Emergency Operations Centre,

v Office of Divisional Commissioner

v All district level officials, Municipal Councils, MARG

v The officials of central government located within the district

v Non-officials namely, Guardian Minister of the district, Mayor, ZP President, MPs and MLAs from the district or affected area

v Local units of the Defence Services

On the receipt of warning, all community preparedness measures and counter-disaster measures would come into operation. Further, the occurrence f the disaster would essentially bring into force the following :

v The District Collector will activate the District Control Room as the District Disaster Manager.

v The DCR will be expanded to include desk arrangements with responsibilities for specific tasks.

v All district level staff from various departments will be under the direction and control of the District Disaster Manager. These would also include the district level staff of

Ø Zilla Parishad

Ø Municipal Authorities

Ø MSEB

Ø MWSSB

Ø PWD

Ø MSRTC

Ø Irrigation

Ø District Industries Centre

Ø Telecommunications.

v Leave of all officers and staff working with the above organisations, as requisitioned by the District Disaster Manager, would automatically stand cancelled and the organisations would direct their staff to report on duty immediately.

v The Relief Commissioner is the controlling authority in respect of Grants under “2245-Relief on account of Natural Calamities and also Loans and Advances”. He shall, therefore, ensure that adequate grants are placed at the disposal of the Collector under these budget head and that implementation of relief and rehabilitation measures is not hampered on account of paucity of funds or otherwise.

v The District Disaster Manager may in case of large-scale disasters get in touch with the local Defence units for assistance for rescue, evacuation and emergency relief measures.

v The District Disaster Manager will have the authority to requisition resources, materials and equipments from private sector.

v The District Disaster Manager will have power to direct the industry to activate their on-site or off-site disaster management plan and seek assistance from MARG, if required.

v The District Disaster Manager will set-up Site Operations Centre/s in the affected area with desk arrangements

v The District Disaster Manager will authorise establishment of transit and/or relief camps, feeding centres and cattle camps.

v An on-going wireless communication and contact from the DCR to the Site Operations Centres, Transit Camps, Feeding Centres, Relief Camps and Cattle Camps will be activated.

v The District Disaster Manager will send the Preliminary Information Report and Action Taken Report, as per the available information, to the Chief Secretary/Relief Commissioner/Emergency Operations Centre and the Divisional Commissioner.

v The District Disaster Manager will authorise immediate evacuation whenever necessary

v In the event of possibilities of disasters in adjoining districts, including those beyond the state borders, the District Disaster Manager will issue the alert warning to them.

v In multi-district disasters, if Additional Relief Commissioner is appointed at the multi-district level, the District Disaster Manager will report to the Additional Relief Commissioner.

In the absence of Collector, Additional Collector or Assistant Collector or Resident Deputy Collector will officiate and exercise all the powers and responsibilities of the District Disaster Manager listed above.

Desk Arrangements in District Control Room

District Disaster Manager

v Establishing Priorities

v Direct and coordinate the services of

Ø Defence Services, SRP, CRPF, Home Guards, Coast Guards, CISF

Ø Fire Brigade, Civil Defence

Ø DOT, Railways, AAI, Port Trust, FCI,

Ø DD, AIR

Ø MSEB, MWSSB, MSRTC, PWD

Ø Meteorological Department, MERI, MPCB,

Ø State Government Aircrafts and Helicopters

v Coordinate with NGOs, and aid agencies

v Enlist services of GOI/GOM laboratories and expert institutions for specialised services

Role of Divisional Commissioner

On the occurrence of disaster, the Divisional Commissioner will

v Provide for reinforcement of resources from other districts within the division

v Keep in constant touch with Chief Secretary, Relief Commissioner, Emergency Operations Centre

Site Operations Centre and Relief Camps

Planning Assumptions

v A small scale disaster can be managed through Collector’s office without comprehensive desk arrangements at the DCR.

v A Disaster affecting

· a number of villages

· doing considerable damage to housing

· spread geographically over a large area and different locations

Þ creates problems of management and logistics

Þ Decentralisation of relief activities will improve the efficiency of DCR. This will require organisation of desk arrangements at the camp sites.

Þ Site Operations Centre and location of Relief Camps will ensure effective decentralisations and organisation of relief activities.

Site Operations Centre

Depending on the nature of disaster and the type of damage, it may be necessary to set-up a number of relief camps and/or cattle camps.

· In such a situation, the DDM may decide to set-up a Site Operations Centre to reduce the pressure on DCR for field coordination.

· Depending on the disaster locations and the number of camp sites, the DDM may decide to set-up more than one Site Operations Centre.

· The Site Operation Centre and the camps would be wound up after the relief and rehabilitation work is called off or after the relief camps and cattle camps are dismantled whichever is later.

· The activities for the Site Operations Centre are given in Table III.

· The Site Operations Centre will be managed by Site Manager of the rank of Sub-Divisional Officer/Deputy Collector.

It may be noted that a coordinating structure of this type may have many areas of overlap with the DCR and therefore the activities need not be duplicated. The basic functions of the Site Operations Centre will be to facilitate communication and coordination between DCR and the camp sites. A skeleton structure as given in Table II should be able to perform these tasks.

Relief Camps

Relief Camps would be set-up preferably on settlement lines and unless the disaster is a localised phenomenon, the DDM may decide to set-up as many camps as the number of villages affected. Also the size of the camp will be one of the considerations particularly in urban areas to decide on the number. The administrative structure for such relief camps responsible for direct service to “victims” is given in Table III. Each relief camp will be assigned to a Camp Officer, of the rank of Tahsildar. In some of the disasters, it may be necessary to set-up Feeding centres only for the victims.

The DDM may agree to assign some such relief camps or feeding centres to willing non-governmental organisations (NGOs) with demonstrated capability and required manpower. However, such camps would also come under coordinating mechanisms established through Site Operations Centre/s or DCR.

Table II

Site Operations Centre

(at a convenient location from the disaster site for coordinating site operations)

Table III

Relief Camps (Components)

(at a convenient location from the disaster site for relief )

Facilities/Amenities Provided in the DCR

Planning Assumption

v The Collector’s office has an adjoining Meeting Room, which can accommodate approximately 30-40 people. Hence, this will be used as a Conference Room.

v The Communication Room is located next to the Collector’s office

Layout

The DCR has

v adequate space for a large workstation

v various desk arrangements during disaster situations.

The DCR is equipped with

v necessary furniture and storewells for keeping

Ø files of messages

Ø stationery

Ø other office equipment.

v Action Plans including sub-plans and local plans

v Vulnerability Maps

v List of key contact persons

[Are easily accessible with clear labels, and not kept under lock and key].

Important phone numbers which are frequently required are displayed on the wall so that they can be seen easily, while other phone numbers, names and addresses etc., are also maintained on the computer to facilitate easy retrieval and cross-referencing..

Provision is made for

v first-aid and other basic medical relief for the staff

v a rest room with adequate facilities and

v a lunch room

[This is required especially during disaster when staff may have to be on duty for long hours at a stretch].

Communication Room (Main Message Room)

[The existing police wireless system continues to be in contact with the reorganised DCR].

In addition, the following facilities are available in the communication room

v Telephones

v Fax

v Intercom units for contact within the Collectorate

v VSAT connection to the Divisional Commissioner and EOC in Mantralaya

v Civil Wireless Network upto Tahsildar level

v One PC with modem and printer

v Mechanical typewriter

v Mobiles and Pagers (where available and necessary)

v Photocopying machine

During disaster, hotlines from communication room to be connected to

Ø Divisional Commissioner

Ø EOC at Mantralaya

Ø Superintendent of Police of the district

Ø Civil Surgeon of the district

Ø Site Operations Centre

Separate tables are provided for each communication instruments such as

v VSAT

v telephones

v fax

v computer

v printer

v typewriter

v wireless

The phones, i.e. intercom, STD phone, EPBX extension, hotline etc., are of different colours, and with distinct rings if possible, to enable them to be distinguished from each other. An emergency light, fire extinguishers, and a generator for the computer and fax machine are also provided in the communication room.

Desk Requirements

Each of the desks have

an independent phone with STD facility

v intercom units for contact within the Collectorate for all Desk Officers in DCR and Officers-in-charge from line departments and other agencies at the district level

hotline for all Officers-in-charge to be connected to their respective agencies/departments.

Office space for secretarial facility has to be clearly demarcated.

[These telephones with STD facilities will be installed in DCR and kept in working condition under lock and key during normal circumstances].

Transport

Provision is made for a jeep with wireless communication assigned to DCR during normal times. Additional vehicles will be requisitioned as per the requirements during the emergency.

Staffing requirements for DCR

Three categories of staff are suggested for the DCR: Regular Staff for Communication Room, Staff -on-call and Staff on Disaster Duty.

Regular Staff

The regular staff will be posted permanently in the DCR which will be responsible for manning the Communication Room on a 24-hour basis.

The regular staff would include the following:

v Desk Officer - Communication Room

A Deputy Collector from the Collectorate will function as the Desk Officer - Communication Room. He will be in charge of the day-to-day operation of the Communication Room during official working hours. He will be assisted by officers of the rank of Naib Tahsildars and Awal Karkuns from the Collectorate in rotation during non-working hours.

v Communication Room Assistant

The person holding this position will be the key person of the DCR and will be of the rank of an Awal Karkun. He will always be physically present in the Communication Room. He will be responsible for processing all messages and information received and maintained by the Communication Room and communicating the same to the Desk Officer and Collector.

v Stenographer

The person holding this position will provide all secretarial assistance to the Communication Room. The person should be computer literate and should be able to operate database systems.

v Communication operators (for 24 hours)

The communication operator will attend to wireless set as well as the VSAT connection in the Communication Room.

v Driver cum Messenger/Attendant (for 24 hours)

Drivers will be required for the vehicle attached to the DCR and kept on stand-by duty. These drivers should also be trained to operate the wireless fitted in the vehicle attached to the DCR.

Staff-on-call

Staff-on-call will be available for immediate duty in case of a disaster.

Two Deputy Collectors will make up the Staff -on-call. During a disaster, these officers will always be available "on call".

The staff-on-call will be appointed in rotation from some identified departments. The rotation period could be of at least a month, to ensure some degree of continuity.

Staff on Disaster Duty

Staff on Disaster Duty will be required to shoulder additional responsibility in the case of a disaster. This, additional staff will be in the nature of a reserve and may be drawn from various departments. During normalcy, this staff will not be called on to perform any duty in the DCR. This staff will be responsible for managing the desk arrangements mentioned earlier.

The departmental officers nominated as “Officer-in-Charge” from the concerned line departments and other agencies will be available in the DCR during the disaster period.

Departments have appointed the senior-most District Officer of the department as “Officer-in-Charge”.

The Collector, Additional Collector, Assistant Collector, Resident Deputy Collector, all Deputy Collectors, SDOs and Tahsildars are familiar with the functioning of DCR.

Officers-in-Charge drawn from various line departments and agencies will be provided orientation through training programmes to be organised by YASHADA.

Multi-district Disasters

In case of disasters which have an impact on more than one district in a division the role of the Divisional Commissioner comes into prominence . The Commissioner’s responsibilities shall include exercising general supervision over the work of preparation of contingency plan undertaken by the Collectors in his Division and also on the relief and rehabilitation operations in those districts.

At the Divisional Commissioner’s level all the state departments and agencies have a regional head. It is very practical for the Divisional Commissioner to seek the support of these regional heads towards the commitment of regional resources to a disaster situation.

For a disaster in more than one district (within or across the division), the role of Divisional Commissioner is to:

v provide a unified command through inter-district control room

v ensure need-based resource allocations amongst districts

v seek the support of regional heads of line departments for relief

v Direct and Coordinate in response to requirements from district control room the services of

Ø MSRTC

Ø State Government departments

Ø SRP, CRPF, Home Guards, Coast Guards, CPWD, CISF

Ø Fire Brigade, Civil Defence

Ø Telecommunications

v maintain a close liaison with the EOC

v seek policy guidelines, if necessary

v Mobilise services of Central/State government laboratories and recognised research centres for specialised services

In such a situation, the Divisional Commissioner will act

v as the Additional Relief Commissioner for the disaster area,

v his powers will be analogous to that of Relief Commissioner in the EOC.

Ø will access funds from the State Government for this purpose

Ø will be assisted by Deputy Commissioner, Revenue in discharge of disaster

management functions as is the normal practice.

Ø will receive the support of other Deputy Commissioners and Assistant Commissioners

and Line Department Heads.

[The district control rooms would continue to function in their respective districts and perform all the functions as per the DDMAP].

RESPONSE STRUCTURE

Planning Assumptions

The multi-disaster response plan takes a generic approach to disaster situations to identify information requirements along with communication, coordination, monitoring and institutional arrangements.

The overall response structure remains constant irrespective of the type of disaster.

The flow chart indicate the chain of command that should be set in motion in order to manage the disaster.

Response Plan on occurrence of disaster

Key Officials of various Departments

Involvement and Assistance available to Departments from Private Sector/Academic Institutions

Police Department

The following colleges have NCC and NSS volunteers who can help the police.

Following is a list of timber merchants who can provide firewood for disposal of dead bodies.

List of Fire-wood stockists and Saw Mills

List of Timber Merchants :-